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Thyroid dysfunction among type 2 diabetic female Egyptian subjects.

Ibrahim N Elebrashy1, Amr El Meligi1, Laila Rashed2

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes, and Endocrinology.

Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management
|December 7, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Egyptian women with type 2 diabetes have a higher prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disease, including hypothyroidism. This suggests autoimmunity may play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes.

Keywords:
T2 diabetesTSHanti-TPOanti-Tgautoimmune thyroid dysfunctionmetabolic syndrome

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Immunology
  • Metabolic Diseases

Background:

  • Thyroid disorders are more prevalent in type 1 diabetes than type 2 diabetes due to associated autoimmunity.
  • Hypothyroidism is the most common thyroid disorder observed.
  • Autoimmune thyroid disease is a significant concern in diabetic populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in Egyptian women with type 2 diabetes.
  • To investigate the correlation between metabolic syndrome components and autoimmune thyroid dysfunction.
  • To assess the relationship between thyroid dysfunction and type 2 diabetes in the studied population.

Main Methods:

  • The study included 62 type 2 diabetic Egyptian females and 27 age- and sex-matched controls.
  • Measurements included anthropometrics, HbA1c, lipid profile, uric acid, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO), antithyroglobulin (anti-Tg), and thyroid ultrasound.
  • Statistical analysis was performed to compare groups and assess correlations.

Main Results:

  • Hypothyroidism was significantly more prevalent in type 2 diabetic patients (45.2%) compared to controls (11.1%) (P<0.001).
  • Autoantibodies, anti-TPO (75.8%) and anti-Tg (61.3%), were significantly higher in diabetic patients than in controls (P<0.001 for both).
  • A positive correlation was observed between TSH and antithyroid antibodies (anti-Tg, anti-TPO) and thyroid gland volume in diabetic patients, but no correlation was found with metabolic syndrome components.

Conclusions:

  • Autoimmune thyroid disease is more common in Egyptian women with type 2 diabetes than in non-diabetic women.
  • The findings suggest a potential role for autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.
  • Screening for thyroid dysfunction is recommended in type 2 diabetic patients.