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Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
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The Parathyroid Glands00:59

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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
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Related Experiment Video

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Author Spotlight: Exploring the Impact of Lingnan Fire-Needle Therapy in Osteoporosis Intervention
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Abaloparatide.

Stefano Gonnelli1, Carla Caffarelli1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.

Clinical Cases in Mineral and Bone Metabolism : the Official Journal of the Italian Society of Osteoporosis, Mineral Metabolism, and Skeletal Diseases
|December 7, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Abaloparatide demonstrated significant reductions in vertebral and nonvertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. This investigational drug also increased bone mineral density more effectively than teriparatide at key hip sites.

Keywords:
PTHrP analogsabaloparatideanabolicsosteoporosis

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Bone Metabolism

Background:

  • Osteoporosis poses a significant fracture risk, particularly in postmenopausal women.
  • Abaloparatide, a human parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) analog, is being developed for osteoporosis treatment.
  • Preclinical and early clinical studies suggest abaloparatide has potent anabolic activity with potentially lower bone resorption effects than teriparatide.

Approach:

  • The ACTIVE study was a Phase 3 trial involving 2460 postmenopausal women at high risk for fracture.
  • Participants received daily subcutaneous injections of abaloparatide (80 μg), placebo, or teriparatide (20 μg) for 18 months.
  • Fracture rates and bone mineral density (BMD) changes were assessed.

Key Points:

  • Abaloparatide reduced vertebral fracture rates by 86% compared to placebo, versus 80% for teriparatide.
  • Abaloparatide significantly reduced nonvertebral fractures by 43% (p=0.04), while teriparatide showed a non-significant 28% reduction.
  • Both agents increased lumbar spine BMD similarly, but abaloparatide yielded greater increases at the total hip and femoral neck.

Conclusions:

  • Abaloparatide demonstrated superior efficacy in reducing nonvertebral fractures compared to teriparatide.
  • Abaloparatide showed greater improvements in bone mineral density at the hip compared to teriparatide.
  • Preliminary data suggest abaloparatide could be a valuable anabolic treatment option for postmenopausal osteoporosis.