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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Cell-Cell Junctions01:14

Overview of Cell-Cell Junctions

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The complex three-dimensional arrangement of cells in any multicellular organism is defined and maintained by interactions of cells with each other and the extracellular matrix. Cell-cell junctions are specialized structures where the multi-protein complexes on one cell interact with the multi-protein complexes on another  cell. These cell junctions are classified  into three main types based on their function — occluding, anchoring, and gap junctions.
Occluding or Tight...
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Anchoring Junctions01:03

Anchoring Junctions

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Anchoring junctions are multiprotein complexes that help cells connect to other cells and the extracellular matrix. Anchoring junctions are present on the lateral and basal surfaces of cells, providing strong and flexible connections. Focal adhesions are often formed due to cell interactions with the ECM substrata, which initiate signal transduction via kinase cascades and other mechanisms. Together, they provide stability and tissue integrity. There are three types of anchoring junctions:...
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Tight Junctions01:29

Tight Junctions

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Tight junctions are molecular seals between cells that prevent the leaking of fluids, ions, and other small solutes across cavities and compartments in multicellular organisms. They are mainly composed of claudin and occludin transmembrane proteins, and other proteins such as tricellulin and JAM (junctional adhesion molecule). All these proteins are 4-pass transmembrane proteins, except JAM, which is a single-pass transmembrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. The...
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Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions01:20

Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions

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Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are pivotal to multicellularity and the coordinated functioning of tissues and organ systems. They enable physical interactions between cells and provide mechanical strength to tissues. They also function as receptors for signal transmission across the plasma membrane. The CAMs are broadly classified into four families - integrins, cadherins, selectins, and immunoglobulin-like CAMs (IgCAMs).
CAM Families
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Adherens Junctions01:24

Adherens Junctions

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Strong contact points between adjacent cells anchor them to each other, forming tissues. Such anchoring junctions are of two types –  adherens junctions and desmosomes. Adherens junctions are abundant in tissues such as  epithelium and endothelium, forming a continuous zone of adhesion called the adhesion belt. In other tissues, such as  heart muscle, they appear as clusters, linking the cells to produce coordinated heart muscle contraction.
Adherens Junctions are Dynamic
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Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions01:24

Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions

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The extracellular matrix or ECM holds cells together to form a tissue and allows the cells within the tissue to communicate. ECM comprises proteins such as fibronectin, collagen, laminin, etc. The most abundant protein in this space is collagen. Collagen fibers are interwoven with carbohydrate-containing protein molecules called proteoglycans. ECM allows cell migration and provides a structural scaffold at cell adhesion that anchors the cell when the extracellular matrix proteins interact with...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 10, 2026

Analysis of Protein-protein Interactions and Co-localization Between Components of Gap, Tight, and Adherens Junctions in Murine Mammary Glands
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Analysis of Protein-protein Interactions and Co-localization Between Components of Gap, Tight, and Adherens Junctions in Murine Mammary Glands

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Defining functional interactions during biogenesis of epithelial junctions.

J C Erasmus1, S Bruche1, L Pizarro1,2

  • 1National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.

Nature Communications
|December 7, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified new proteins and pathways regulating cell-cell junctions by studying actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Depleting EEF1A increased E-cadherin levels, revealing a more dynamic junctional actin crucial for epithelial stability.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Actin cytoskeleton remodeling is crucial for stable cell-cell junctions, but a comprehensive understanding is lacking.
  • E-cadherin-mediated adhesion is fundamental for epithelial tissue integrity and morphogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify novel cytoskeletal proteins and pathways modulating E-cadherin adhesion.
  • To elucidate the functional hierarchy and dynamics of actin in maintaining stable cell junctions.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a platform integrating actin functions with phenotypic clustering.
  • Depletion studies of specific proteins (EEF1A, DIAPH2, TRIP10, VAV2) using genetic or biochemical approaches.
  • Analysis of E-cadherin levels and junctional actin dynamics via microscopy and biochemical assays.

Main Results:

  • Depletion of the actin bundling protein EEF1A increased E-cadherin levels, indicating enhanced junctional actin dynamics rather than stabilization.
  • EEF1A interacts with formin DIAPH2, a novel partner in cadherin contact maintenance.
  • Depletion of endocytic regulator TRIP10 or Rho GTPase activator VAV2 reduced E-cadherin levels, with TRIP10 requiring VAV2 for localization.

Conclusions:

  • Novel insights into junction stabilization integrating known and new pathways.
  • Identified EEF1A, DIAPH2, TRIP10, and VAV2 as key players in regulating E-cadherin adhesion and junctional actin dynamics.
  • Findings have implications for epithelial morphogenesis, homeostasis, and diseases associated with junctional dysfunction.