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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Stem Cell Culture01:17

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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

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The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Embryonic Stem Cell Research: A Policy Analysis.

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Culture and Maintenance of Human Embryonic Stem Cells
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Embryonic Stem Cell Research: A Policy Analysis.

Hermine Warren1

  • 1Hermine Warren, DNP, APRN, CANS, CNM, is a doctor of nursing practice who has been in nursing since 1974, with an advanced practice degree since 1980. She is also a certified aesthetic nurse specialist in Southern California, an educational/clinical trainer for two top pharmaceutical companies, and has maintained a clinical practice in the nonsurgical cosmetic subspecialty field since 2004.

Plastic Surgical Nursing : Official Journal of the American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgical Nurses
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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Embryonic stem cell (ESC) research sparks significant ethical debate. This policy analysis examines diverse viewpoints on ESC research to foster consensus on its future direction.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Research
  • Bioethics
  • Public Policy

Background:

  • Embryonic stem cell (ESC) research, since its 1998 isolation, has generated substantial controversy.
  • Unlike many health care issues, ESC research elicits strong emotional and ethical responses.
  • Ongoing debates concern the moral, ethical, and legal implications of ESC research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the key issues surrounding embryonic stem cell research.
  • To examine and address the various perspectives on ESC research.
  • To present policy options for achieving consensus on ESC research.

Main Methods:

  • Policy analysis framework.
  • Examination of ethical, moral, and legal viewpoints.
  • Review of stakeholder perspectives.

Main Results:

  • ESC research remains a contentious topic with deeply divided opinions.
  • Significant ethical and legal challenges complicate policy development.
  • Diverse stakeholder interests require careful consideration for consensus.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive policy approach is needed to navigate ESC research complexities.
  • Addressing ethical and legal debates is crucial for advancing research.
  • Facilitating dialogue among stakeholders can lead to policy consensus.