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Pathological Overeating: Emerging Evidence for a Compulsivity Construct.

Catherine F Moore1,2, Valentina Sabino1, George F Koob3

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Compulsive eating involves habitual overeating, emotional relief eating, and eating despite negative consequences. Neurobiological mechanisms in the basal ganglia, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex underlie these addictive food behaviors.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Compulsive eating is a transdiagnostic construct seen in obesity and eating disorders.
  • Understanding the addictive properties of food and compulsive eating mechanisms is incomplete.
  • Pathological overeating involves habit formation, negative emotional states, and impaired behavioral control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To relate compulsive eating behavior to addiction.
  • To characterize the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of compulsive eating.

Main Methods:

  • Review of evidence linking compulsive eating and addiction.
  • Analysis of neurobiological mechanisms involved in compulsive eating.

Main Results:

  • Compulsive eating is characterized by habitual overeating, using food for emotional regulation, and continuing to overeat despite adverse outcomes.
  • Aberrant learning processes contribute to pathological habit formation.
  • Dysfunctions in the basal ganglia, extended amygdala, and prefrontal cortex neurocircuitries are implicated.

Conclusions:

  • Compulsive eating behavior shares characteristics with addiction.
  • Further research integrating motivational, emotional, and cognitive constructs is needed to fully understand compulsive eating.
  • Neurobiological insights provide a foundation for understanding and potentially treating compulsive eating disorders.