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Evolution: Enhanced Footing for Snake Limb Development.

Maria M Kaltcheva1, Mark Lewandoski1

  • 1Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.

Current Biology : CB
|December 7, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Snake evolution shows limb loss linked to changes in a key gene enhancer. Degenerating transcription factor binding sites in the Sonic Hedgehog gene correlate with reptiles losing their limbs over time.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary developmental biology
  • Genomics
  • Comparative anatomy

Background:

  • Snake limb loss is a significant evolutionary event.
  • The Sonic Hedgehog gene plays a crucial role in limb development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genetic mechanisms underlying limb loss in snake evolution.
  • To examine the role of cis-regulatory elements in the Sonic Hedgehog gene during this process.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative genomics analysis of cis-acting enhancers.
  • Identification and analysis of transcription factor binding sites.
  • Correlation of genetic changes with evolutionary patterns of limblessness.

Main Results:

  • A long-distance cis-acting enhancer of Sonic Hedgehog was studied in relation to limb loss.
  • Progressive degeneration of transcription factor binding sites within this enhancer was observed.
  • These genetic changes directly mirror the evolutionary trend of increasing limblessness in snakes.

Conclusions:

  • Changes in cis-regulatory elements, specifically within the Sonic Hedgehog enhancer, are strongly associated with snake limb loss.
  • The degeneration of transcription factor binding sites provides a molecular mechanism for the evolutionary loss of limbs in snakes.