Moniezia benedeni and Moniezia expansa are distinct cestode species based on complete mitochondrial genomes

Moniezia spp. parasitize the intestines of ruminants, causing monieziasis. In this study, the complete mitochondrial (mt) genomes of M. benedeni and M. expansa have been determined, characterized and employed to test the hypothesis that M. benedeni and M. expansa are distinct species by phylogenetic analysis based on the concatenated amino acid sequences derived from 12 protein-coding genes, inferred with Bayesian and Maximum-likelihood methods. The complete mt genomes of M. benedeni and M. expansa were 13,958bp and 13,934bp in size, respectively. Nucleotide sequence identity between the two mt genomes was 83.4%. Each of the two circular mt genomes encodes 36 genes including two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and 12 protein-coding genes, which are transcribed from the same direction. The gene orders of the two mt genomes are identical to those of Anoplocephala spp. (Anoplocephalidae), Hymenolepis spp. (Hymenolepididae) and Dipylidium caninum (Dipylidiidae), but distinct from the species of the Taeniidae family. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that M. benedeni and M. expansa are taxonomically valid species and have a sister relationship, regardless of the analytical method employed. Furthermore, comparing the cox1 gene sequences of Moniezia spp. from the NCBI deposited sequences and the ones obtained in the present study revealed that the nucleotide sequence differences were 12.5% for M. benedeni and 6.2% for M. expansa, respectively, suggesting the existence of cryptic species in these parasites. The complete mt genome sequences reported herein will be valuable in further studies of diagnoses, molecular ecology and population genetics of Moniezia spp. of socio-economic importance.