Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

9.0K
The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
9.0K
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

2.1K
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
2.1K
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

6.3K
Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
6.3K
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted01:24

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted

70
Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
70
Mitogens and the Cell Cycle02:38

Mitogens and the Cell Cycle

8.3K
Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
8.3K
Inhibition of Cdk Activity02:34

Inhibition of Cdk Activity

6.1K
The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...
6.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Concordance of pathologic response assessment between local and central review in melanoma: a post hoc analysis of KEYMAKER-U02 substudy 02C.

ESMO open·2026
Same author

Five-year survival with tebentafusp in metastatic uveal melanoma.

Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology·2026
Same author

Efficacy of adjuvant therapy in patients with stage IIIA cutaneous melanoma.

Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology·2025
Same author

An update on access to novel treatment for metastatic melanoma in Europe - A 2024 survey of the European melanoma registry and the European association of dermato-oncology.

European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990)·2024
Same author

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced pancreatic enzyme elevation in melanoma patients: Incidence, management and therapy-A multicentre analysis.

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV·2024
Same author

Cutaneous melanoma: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up.

Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology·2024
Same journal

AI-powered real-time detection and classification of peritoneal nodules in colorectal cancer using multi-center laparoscopic data: A feasibility study.

European journal of surgical oncology : the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology·2026
Same journal

Advances in intraoperative margin assessment for solid tumors: Toward a new era of personalized precision surgery.

European journal of surgical oncology : the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology·2026
Same journal

Refining oncological resectability for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Radiological assessment of mediastinal lymph node enlargement does not reflect clinical prognosis after curative resection.

European journal of surgical oncology : the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology·2026
Same journal

Macroscopic venous tumour thrombus in paediatric adrenocortical tumours.

European journal of surgical oncology : the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology·2026
Same journal

Outcomes after pulmonary bilobectomy for NSCLC: The role of surgical type, indication, and pulmonary function.

European journal of surgical oncology : the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology·2026
Same journal

Impact of 18-FDG PET-CT on the preoperative staging and management of Incidental Gall Bladder Cancer (IGBC)- A prospective study from a tertiary care centre in North India.

European journal of surgical oncology : the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 10, 2026

A 3D Organotypic Melanoma Spheroid Skin Model
08:49

A 3D Organotypic Melanoma Spheroid Skin Model

Published on: May 18, 2018

16.7K

Developments in targeted therapy in melanoma.

V C Amann1, E Ramelyte2, S Thurneysen3

  • 1Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland.

European Journal of Surgical Oncology : the Journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology
|December 8, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Targeted therapies, including BRAF and MEK inhibitors, are revolutionizing metastatic melanoma treatment. Combination therapy shows promise, especially for patients with normal LDH levels, with potential for further improvement through personalized genetic approaches.

Keywords:
BRAFKinase inhibitorsMEKMelanomaNRASTargeted therapy

More Related Videos

Testing Targeted Therapies in Cancer using Structural DNA Alteration Analysis and Patient-Derived Xenografts
10:27

Testing Targeted Therapies in Cancer using Structural DNA Alteration Analysis and Patient-Derived Xenografts

Published on: July 25, 2020

8.0K
Spatial and Temporal Control of Murine Melanoma Initiation from Mutant Melanocyte Stem Cells
06:09

Spatial and Temporal Control of Murine Melanoma Initiation from Mutant Melanocyte Stem Cells

Published on: June 7, 2019

9.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 10, 2026

A 3D Organotypic Melanoma Spheroid Skin Model
08:49

A 3D Organotypic Melanoma Spheroid Skin Model

Published on: May 18, 2018

16.7K
Testing Targeted Therapies in Cancer using Structural DNA Alteration Analysis and Patient-Derived Xenografts
10:27

Testing Targeted Therapies in Cancer using Structural DNA Alteration Analysis and Patient-Derived Xenografts

Published on: July 25, 2020

8.0K
Spatial and Temporal Control of Murine Melanoma Initiation from Mutant Melanocyte Stem Cells
06:09

Spatial and Temporal Control of Murine Melanoma Initiation from Mutant Melanocyte Stem Cells

Published on: June 7, 2019

9.6K

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Melanoma pathogenesis is significantly influenced by the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway.
  • The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) network has identified four distinct genetic subtypes of melanoma based on prevalent mutations.
  • Kinase inhibitors represent a significant advancement in treating metastatic melanoma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current landscape of targeted therapy for melanoma.
  • To highlight the efficacy of combination BRAF and MEK inhibitor treatment.
  • To explore future directions for personalized melanoma treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing clinical data and research on melanoma genetics and targeted therapies.
  • Analysis of TCGA network findings regarding melanoma subtypes.
  • Evaluation of treatment outcomes for BRAF-mutated melanoma patients receiving combination therapy.

Main Results:

  • Combination treatment with BRAF and MEK inhibitors is the standard of care for inoperable stage IIIC/IV BRAF-mutated melanoma.
  • Patients with normal baseline lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels show excellent long-term outcomes.
  • A subset of BRAF inhibitor-naive patients achieves durable responses without progression on combination therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Combination targeted therapy has significantly improved outcomes for metastatic melanoma.
  • Personalized treatment strategies, potentially involving a third agent based on specific genetic alterations, may further enhance therapeutic efficacy.
  • Further research into novel therapeutic combinations is warranted to improve long-term survival in melanoma patients.