Bone metastases in carcinoma of the rectum: a clinical and pathological review

Bone metastases were confirmed in 48 patients after treatment of rectal cancer and occurred predominantly in the lumbar spine and pelvis. Most of the deposits were lytic and coexisted with widespread metastatic disease. Correspondingly, the median survival from diagnosis was only 4 months. The new prognostic classification for rectal cancer was applied to the original tumour specimens and categorized 23 of these tumours into group IV which confidently predicts a poor outcome compared with only eight by the method of Dukes.