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Birth Control Methods01:22

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Vasectomy is a surgical form of male sterilization that involves severing and sealing the vasa deferentia, preventing sperm from mixing with semen during ejaculation. Because a vasectomy does not impact the testes' ability to produce testosterone, hormone levels, libido, and sexual function generally remain unchanged. While vasectomy is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, with a success rate near 99.85%, rare cases of recanalization (spontaneous reconnection) can occur. Although...
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Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...
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Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) enable the controlled release of drugs across the skin into systemic circulation. They are particularly advantageous for drugs with short half-lives or narrow therapeutic indices, as they maintain consistent plasma concentrations and reduce the risk of subtherapeutic or toxic levels.TDDS are categorized into monolithic, reservoir, and mixed systems. Monolithic systems embed the drug in a polymer matrix, where diffusion governs release. Reservoir systems...
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Continuous-release drug delivery systems offer a strategic approach to maintaining therapeutic drug levels over extended periods following oral administration. By modulating the release rate of active pharmaceutical ingredients, these systems minimize fluctuations in plasma concentrations, which enhances clinical efficacy and reduces the need for frequent dosing. Such characteristics make them particularly advantageous in managing chronic diseases where patient adherence and stable drug...
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Contraception.

Erin Dean

    Nursing Standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)
    |December 8, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    Contraceptive services help individuals select effective pregnancy prevention methods. Most women in heterosexual relationships use contraception, with 184,571 abortions recorded in England and Wales in 2014.

    Area of Science:

    • Public Health
    • Reproductive Health
    • Contraception

    Background:

    • Contraceptive services are crucial for effective pregnancy prevention.
    • Understanding contraception use is vital for reproductive health.
    • Lifestyle and individual needs influence method choice.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To highlight the importance of personalized contraceptive services.
    • To provide essential facts on contraception usage and outcomes.

    Main Methods:

    • Data compilation on contraceptive service aims.
    • Statistical reporting on contraception use in heterosexual relationships.
    • Reporting abortion statistics for England and Wales in 2014.

    Main Results:

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    • Contraceptive services aim to improve effective use by matching methods to needs and lifestyles.
    • Approximately 90% of women in heterosexual relationships utilize at least one contraceptive method.
    • 184,571 abortions occurred in England and Wales in 2014.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective contraceptive services empower informed choices.
    • Widespread contraception use is evident, yet abortion data indicates ongoing needs.
    • Further research into contraceptive efficacy and access is warranted.