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The Colloidal State01:29

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The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called...
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Growing Protein Crystals with Distinct Dimensions Using Automated Crystallization Coupled with In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering
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Universal Hydrodynamic Mechanisms for Crystallization in Active Colloidal Suspensions.

Rajesh Singh1, R Adhikari1

  • 1The Institute of Mathematical Sciences-HBNI, CIT Campus, Chennai 600113, India.

Physical Review Letters
|December 8, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Active colloids near surfaces generate hydrodynamic forces that drive crystallization. While torques can destabilize crystals, stability is achieved through specific particle properties, differing from equilibrium crystallization. This study reveals universal hydrodynamic mechanisms for active matter. Keywords: active colloids, crystallization, hydrodynamic forces.

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Area of Science:

  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Colloidal Science
  • Non-equilibrium Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Active colloidal suspensions lack detailed balance, allowing dissipation to dictate stationary states.
  • Understanding self-organization in active matter is crucial for designing novel materials and devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of hydrodynamic interactions in driving crystallization of active colloids near surfaces.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms of crystal stabilization and destabilization in active colloidal systems.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of hydrodynamic forces generated by active colloids near plane walls.
  • Numerical simulations to study crystallization dynamics and stability.
  • Analysis of harmonic excitations and normal modes of active crystals.

Main Results:

  • Slow viscous flow induced by active colloids mediates attractive hydrodynamic forces, leading to crystallization.
  • Hydrodynamically mediated torques can destabilize the crystal, but stability is regained via bottom heaviness or chiral activity.
  • Crystallization occurs via a spinodal-like instability, distinct from nucleation in equilibrium systems.

Conclusions:

  • Hydrodynamic interactions are a universal mechanism driving crystallization in active colloidal suspensions near surfaces.
  • The findings rationalize recent experimental observations and offer insights into controlling active matter self-assembly.
  • Active crystals exhibit unique dynamic properties compared to their equilibrium counterparts.