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Unrealistic optimism bias is the tendency to overestimate the likelihood of positive outcomes. This cognitive bias makes individuals believe they are less likely to experience failures, setbacks, or risks and more likely to succeed than others. For example, people may assume they are less prone to health issues, accidents, or financial struggles than their peers, even when they share similar risk factors.One key component of this bias is the above-average effect, where individuals perceive...
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Establishing a Competing Risk Regression Nomogram Model for Survival Data
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Optimism and Cause-Specific Mortality: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Eric S Kim, Kaitlin A Hagan, Francine Grodstein

    American Journal of Epidemiology
    |December 9, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Higher optimism is linked to lower mortality risk in women. This psychological trait may reduce the risk of death from various causes, including heart disease and cancer, suggesting potential for health interventions.

    Keywords:
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    Area of Science:

    • Psychological Health
    • Epidemiology
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Positive psychological attributes, such as optimism, are increasingly linked to better health outcomes, particularly cardiovascular health.
    • Optimism is a modifiable trait, suggesting potential for interventions to improve public health and longevity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the association between dispositional optimism and cause-specific mortality in a large cohort of women.
    • To assess the impact of sociodemographic factors, depression, health behaviors, and health conditions on this association.

    Main Methods:

    • Prospective data from 70,021 women in the Nurses' Health Study were analyzed.
    • Dispositional optimism was measured in 2004, with mortality data collected from 2006 to 2012.
    • Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate mortality risk across optimism quartiles, adjusting for confounders.

    Main Results:

    • Higher optimism was significantly associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR 0.71 for highest vs. lowest quartile).
    • This association persisted after adjusting for sociodemographic factors, depression, health behaviors, and health conditions.
    • Optimism demonstrated protective associations against mortality from cancer, heart disease, stroke, respiratory disease, and infection.

    Conclusions:

    • Optimism is a significant predictor of reduced mortality risk across multiple causes of death in women.
    • The findings support optimism as a potential target for novel public health strategies aimed at improving longevity and health.
    • Further research into optimism-based interventions is warranted to leverage psychological well-being for health promotion.