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Viral Mutations

Viral Mutations

A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...

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Alternative In Vitro Methods for the Determination of Viral Capsid Structural Integrity

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Published on: November 16, 2017

Increasing Type 1 Poliovirus Capsid Stability by Thermal Selection.

Oluwapelumi O Adeyemi¹, Clare Nicol¹, Nicola J Stonehouse²

¹School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.

Journal of Virology

|December 9, 2016

Summary

Researchers developed stabilized virus-like particles (VLPs) from poliovirus empty capsids (ECs) to create safer polio vaccines. These heat-resistant VLPs offer a promising alternative to current vaccines, addressing biosafety concerns for a polio-free future.

Keywords:

VLP heat stable poliovirus

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Published on: October 26, 2018

Area of Science:

Virology
Vaccinology
Structural Biology

Background:

Poliomyelitis, caused by poliovirus (PV), is nearly eradicated globally through vaccination.
Current oral (OPV) and inactivated (IPV) poliovirus vaccines raise biosafety concerns regarding potential reintroduction of the virus.
Virus-like particles (VLPs) mimicking PV empty capsids (ECs) offer a potential virus-free vaccine alternative.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the stabilization of poliovirus empty capsids (ECs) for VLP vaccine development.
To identify mutations conferring thermal stability to PV ECs.
To assess the potential of stabilized PV EC-VLPs as next-generation polio vaccines.

Main Methods:

Selection of heat-resistant type 1 poliovirus (PV-1) strains.
Expression of recombinant virus-like particles (VLPs) from stabilized ECs.
Analysis of capsid structure and identification of stabilizing mutations.

Main Results:

Thermally stable PV-1 ECs were successfully selected.
Specific capsid mutations were identified as responsible for EC thermal and antigenic stability.
The stabilized ECs remained antigenically stable at elevated temperatures.

Conclusions:

Stabilized PV ECs, expressed as VLPs, are promising candidates for novel, genome-free poliovirus vaccines.
These VLPs address biosafety concerns associated with traditional poliovirus vaccines.
Further development of stabilized VLPs could contribute to global polio eradication efforts.