Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 10, 2026

Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion as an Adequate Preconditioning Stimulus to Induce Early Ischemic Tolerance to Focal Cerebral Ischemia
Published on: May 9, 2013
Carotid-Cavernous Fistula Manifesting as Symptomatic Bradycardia: A Unique Presentation
Sean M Wadley1, Michael Patterson2, Bethany Markowitz2
1University of South Carolina School of Medicine , Columbia, South Carolina, USA.
Abstract:
A 54-year-old female with vertigo and sarcoidosis presented to the emergency department with a 4-day history of generalised malaise, headache, fever, and near syncope. She was noted to have severe bradycardia and was admitted for possible pacemaker implantation. During the admission, the patient voiced left eye complaints, the workup of which revealed a left internal carotid aneurysm that ruptured, causing a direct carotid-cavernous fistula. The patient underwent multiple procedures to tamponade the fistula, and the bradycardia resolved, avoiding pacemaker implantation.
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