Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

2.7K
Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
2.7K
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

16.9K
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
16.9K
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

7.8K
Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
7.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis with immune modulating agents.

Allergy and asthma proceedings·2026
Same author

Should we follow the penicillin allergy label trail in approaching patients with a sulfonamide allergy label?

Allergy and asthma proceedings·2026
Same author

In-flight epinephrine access during allergic emergencies: The allergists' experience.

Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology·2025
Same author

Controversies in Allergy: Does Using Epinephrine Always Mean Calling 911?

The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice·2025
Same author

10 ways to improve emergency preparedness for patients with allergy while flying.

Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology·2025
Same author

Impact of sulfonamide allergy label on clinical outcomes of acute cystitis: a retrospective matched cohort study.

Internal medicine journal·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 10, 2026

Assessing the Innate Sensing of HIV-1 Infected CD4+ T Cells by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Using an Ex vivo Co-culture System.
08:11

Assessing the Innate Sensing of HIV-1 Infected CD4+ T Cells by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Using an Ex vivo Co-culture System.

Published on: September 1, 2015

9.2K

Idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia.

Joel P Brooks1, Gisoo Ghaffari

  • 11Department of Medical Education, Heart of Lancaster Regional Medical Center, Lititz, Pennsylvania, USA.

Allergy and Asthma Proceedings
|December 10, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia (ICL) is a rare condition causing low CD4 T-cells without a known cause. Patients often develop opportunistic infections, and current treatments show variable results.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Hematology
  • Rare Diseases

Background:

  • Idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia (ICL) is a rare disorder of unknown etiology.
  • Diagnostic criteria include persistent CD4 T-cell lymphopenia without identified immune deficiencies.
  • Characterized by CD4 T-cell counts below 300 cells/mL or 20% of total lymphocytes.

Observation:

  • ICL patients are often diagnosed when complications arise, typically opportunistic infections.
  • CD4 counts are frequently around 200 cells/mL at the time of diagnosis.
  • The underlying T-cell defect in ICL differs from that in HIV, despite similar prophylactic treatments.

Findings:

  • Literature review highlights clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and management of ICL.
  • Current therapeutic strategies include IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-7, and stem cell transplantation, with inconsistent outcomes.

More Related Videos

Isolation of CD4+ T-cells and Analysis of Circulating T-follicular Helper cTfh Cell Subsets from Peripheral Blood Using 6-color Flow Cytometry
07:39

Isolation of CD4+ T-cells and Analysis of Circulating T-follicular Helper cTfh Cell Subsets from Peripheral Blood Using 6-color Flow Cytometry

Published on: January 7, 2019

12.9K
Imaging CD4 T Cell Interstitial Migration in the Inflamed Dermis
11:28

Imaging CD4 T Cell Interstitial Migration in the Inflamed Dermis

Published on: March 25, 2016

11.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 10, 2026

Assessing the Innate Sensing of HIV-1 Infected CD4+ T Cells by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Using an Ex vivo Co-culture System.
08:11

Assessing the Innate Sensing of HIV-1 Infected CD4+ T Cells by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Using an Ex vivo Co-culture System.

Published on: September 1, 2015

9.2K
Isolation of CD4+ T-cells and Analysis of Circulating T-follicular Helper cTfh Cell Subsets from Peripheral Blood Using 6-color Flow Cytometry
07:39

Isolation of CD4+ T-cells and Analysis of Circulating T-follicular Helper cTfh Cell Subsets from Peripheral Blood Using 6-color Flow Cytometry

Published on: January 7, 2019

12.9K
Imaging CD4 T Cell Interstitial Migration in the Inflamed Dermis
11:28

Imaging CD4 T Cell Interstitial Migration in the Inflamed Dermis

Published on: March 25, 2016

11.3K
  • ICL is a diagnosis of exclusion, requiring the absence of other causes for lymphopenia.

    • Implications:

    • Increased awareness of ICL is crucial for timely diagnosis and appropriate management.
    • Current prophylactic strategies, often mirroring HIV treatment, may not be optimally suited for ICL.
    • Further research is needed to establish specific guidelines and effective treatments for ICL.