Recurrence Pattern of Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis After Lung Transplantation: A Case Report

Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis is an uncommon indication for lung transplantation. The recurrence of the primary pathology after transplantation is rare. Extra-pulmonary involvement of Langerhans cell histiocytosis before transplantation and resuming of smoking after transplantation are risk factors for recurrence. Herein, we present a 48-year-old woman with a recurrence pattern 24 months after bilateral sequential lung transplantation. On thoracic computed tomography, progressive parenchyma infiltrates were present without clinical symptoms. Infiltrations regressed and respiratory status of the patient was improved with steroid therapy. No events had occurred at follow-up of 31 months.