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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
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Increased fMRI Sensitivity at Equal Data Burden Using Averaged Shifted Echo Acquisition.

Suzanne T Witt1, Marcel Warntjes2, Maria Engström3

  • 1Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, Linköping University Linköping, Sweden.

Frontiers in Neuroscience
|December 10, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers can improve Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent (BOLD) functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data collection by using a shifted echo sequence with temporal averaging. This technique enhances temporal signal-to-noise and BOLD signal change for event-related fMRI studies.

Keywords:
BOLDEPIdata burdenfMRIfast imagingsampling rateshifted echotemporal averaging

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Growing evidence supports the benefits of high sampling rates for BOLD fMRI data.
  • Existing ultra-fast TR techniques often require specialized hardware, software, and analytical pipelines, limiting accessibility.
  • Standard acquisition methods may not capture rapid neural dynamics effectively.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a modified gradient echo EPI sequence incorporating a shifted echo method for achieving faster sampling rates (<1s TR) with standard hardware.
  • To investigate the impact of temporal averaging of consecutively acquired EPI volumes on signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and BOLD signal change.
  • To evaluate the feasibility of this approach for event-related BOLD fMRI data acquisition.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a shifted echo echo-planar imaging (EPI) sequence integrated into a standard multi-slice gradient echo sequence.
  • Acquired BOLD fMRI data from 11 healthy subjects performing a visual-motor task using four EPI sequences: reference (TR=1440ms), shifted echo (TR=700ms), shifted echo with temporal averaging (2 volumes, effective TR=1400ms), and shifted echo with temporal averaging (4 volumes, effective TR=2800ms).
  • Analyzed temporal signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent (BOLD) signal change across conditions.

Main Results:

  • Both temporally averaged shifted echo sequences demonstrated improved temporal SNR compared to the non-averaged shifted echo sequence.
  • The shifted echo sequence with averaging of every two volumes (effective TR=1400ms) showed significantly increased BOLD signal change compared to the other three sequences.
  • The shifted echo sequence with averaging of every four volumes (effective TR=2800ms) exhibited significantly decreased BOLD signal change.

Conclusions:

  • Incorporating a shifted echo method into standard multi-slice EPI sequences is a viable strategy for increasing sampling rates in event-related BOLD fMRI.
  • Temporal averaging of every two consecutively acquired EPI volumes significantly enhances BOLD signal change and improves activation map statistics.
  • This modified sequence offers a more accessible approach to high-sampling-rate fMRI data acquisition.