Recent Developments in Amide Synthesis Using Nonactivated Starting Materials

Andrea Ojeda-Porras1, Diego Gamba-Sánchez1

  • 1Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Bio and Organocatalysis, Chemistry Department, Universidad de los Andes , Cra 1 No. 18A-12 Q:305, Bogotá 111711, Colombia.

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Direct alkylation is not a suitable method for synthesizing amines because it produces polyalkylated products. Gabriel synthesis is the most preferred method to exclusively make primary amines. The method uses phthalimide, which contains a protected form of nitrogen that participates in alkylation only once to predominantly give primary amines.
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Amides are synthesized by treating carboxylic acids with amines in the presence of dehydrating agents like dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC).
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Direct alkylation of ammonia produces polyalkylated amines, along with a quaternary ammonium salt. To exclusively prepare primary amines, the azide synthesis method can be used.
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Overview
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