Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:12

Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

2.6K
Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
2.6K
Cellular Differentiation00:57

Cellular Differentiation

6.1K
How does a complex organism such as a human develop from a single cell? It all starts from a single fertilized egg which gives rise to a vast array of cell types, such as nerve cells, muscle cells, and epithelial cells that characterize the adult? Throughout development and adulthood, cellular differentiation leads cells to assume their final morphology and physiology. Differentiation is the process by which unspecialized cells become specialized to carry out distinct functions.
A zygote is a...
6.1K
Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells01:23

Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells

3.5K
The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
3.5K
Forced Transdifferentiation01:28

Forced Transdifferentiation

2.4K
Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
Artificial...
2.4K
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

16.8K
Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
16.8K
iPS Cell Differentiation01:22

iPS Cell Differentiation

3.2K
The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
3.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Expression of the High Affinity Neurotensin Receptor Defines an Immune‑cold, Poor‑prognosis Colorectal Cancer Subtype.

Annals of surgery·2026
Same author

The Oncology Research Information Exchange Network (ORIEN) - Building a real-world collaborative, patient-driven infrastructure for discovery research and precision oncology.

Research square·2026
Same author

Ion chromatography-ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry reveals EZH2-driven reprogramming of nucleic acid and protein methylation.

Analytica chimica acta·2026
Same author

RNA-Micelles as Self-Assembling Structures for Efficient Co-Delivery of Synergistic siRNA and Nucleoside Analogues to Treat CRC Lung Metastasis.

Advanced functional materials·2026
Same author

A Unique Protein Adjuvant for Precision Immunotherapy to Prevent Recurrence of Surgically Resected Colorectal Cancer.

Cancers·2026
Same author

DNA-PKcs promotes therapy resistance and metastatic recurrence in neuroblastoma.

Cancer letters·2026
Same journal

A planar dimer of bovine ATP synthase.

Cell death and differentiation·2026
Same journal

GCN5 and TADA2B constitutively regulate XRCC1 function during DNA repair to maintain cell survival.

Cell death and differentiation·2026
Same journal

MEGF8 controls osteogenic differentiation through post-transcriptional regulation of BMP-SMAD signaling in craniosynostosis.

Cell death and differentiation·2026
Same journal

Macrophage-secreted brain-derived neurotrophic factor promotes tumor growth in triple-negative breast cancer by inducing axonogenesis.

Cell death and differentiation·2026
Same journal

Species-specific regulation of necroptosis by STK38-dependent RIPK1 phosphorylation.

Cell death and differentiation·2026
Same journal

Ssu72 phosphatase orchestrates obesogenic adipogenesis and metabolic homeostasis during nutrient excess.

Cell death and differentiation·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 10, 2026

Efficient Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells to NKX6-1+ Pancreatic Progenitors
09:23

Efficient Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells to NKX6-1+ Pancreatic Progenitors

Published on: March 7, 2017

8.4K

Ketogenesis contributes to intestinal cell differentiation.

Qingding Wang1,2, Yuning Zhou1, Piotr Rychahou1,2

  • 1Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.

Cell Death and Differentiation
|December 10, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB), an HDAC inhibitor, promotes intestinal cell differentiation. This process involves HMGCS2 and interacts with mTOR signaling, crucial for maintaining intestinal homeostasis.

More Related Videos

Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Insulin-Producing Islet Clusters
08:41

Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Insulin-Producing Islet Clusters

Published on: June 23, 2023

4.7K
Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Into Pancreatic Beta-Cell Precursors in a 2D Culture System
10:12

Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Into Pancreatic Beta-Cell Precursors in a 2D Culture System

Published on: December 16, 2021

3.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 10, 2026

Efficient Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells to NKX6-1+ Pancreatic Progenitors
09:23

Efficient Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells to NKX6-1+ Pancreatic Progenitors

Published on: March 7, 2017

8.4K
Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Insulin-Producing Islet Clusters
08:41

Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Insulin-Producing Islet Clusters

Published on: June 23, 2023

4.7K
Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Into Pancreatic Beta-Cell Precursors in a 2D Culture System
10:12

Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Into Pancreatic Beta-Cell Precursors in a 2D Culture System

Published on: December 16, 2021

3.3K

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Cell Biology
  • Metabolism

Background:

  • The intestinal epithelium requires constant renewal through proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis.
  • The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is vital for intestinal homeostasis.
  • Downstream targets of mTOR in intestinal cells remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify downstream targets of mTOR involved in intestinal cell differentiation.
  • To investigate the role of ketone bodies, specifically β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB), in intestinal homeostasis.
  • To explore the interplay between mTOR and HMGCS2/βHB signaling in the intestine.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated the effect of βHB on intestinal cell differentiation markers in vitro.
  • Utilized knockdown and overexpression of HMGCS2 in Caco-2 cells.
  • Administered a ketogenic diet to mice and analyzed intestinal cell lineages.
  • Examined the impact of mTOR inhibition (rapamycin) on HMGCS2 expression.
  • Assessed mTOR signaling in intestinal cells treated with βHB or ketogenic diet.

Main Results:

  • βHB, an HDAC inhibitor, induced intestinal cell differentiation markers (e.g., MUC2, CDX2).
  • HMGCS2 knockdown attenuated differentiation; HMGCS2 overexpression increased CDX2 expression.
  • Ketogenic diet-fed mice showed increased enterocyte, goblet, and Paneth cell differentiation.
  • mTOR inhibition increased HMGCS2 expression, suggesting cross-talk.
  • βHB and ketogenic diet inhibited mTOR signaling in intestinal cells.

Conclusions:

  • HMGCS2/βHB signaling contributes significantly to intestinal cell differentiation.
  • mTOR signaling cooperates with HMGCS2/βHB to maintain intestinal homeostasis.
  • This study elucidates a novel pathway regulating intestinal epithelial renewal.