The Role of Unconventional Hydrogen Bonds in Determining BII Propensities in B-DNA

An accurate understanding of DNA backbone transitions is likely to be the key for elucidating the puzzle of the intricate sequence-dependent mechanical properties that govern most of the biologically relevant functions of the double helix. One factor believed to be important in indirect recognition within protein-DNA complexes is the combined effect of two DNA backbone torsions (ε and ζ) which give rise to the well-known BI/BII conformational equilibrium. In this work we explain the sequence-dependent BII propensity observed in RpY steps (R = purine; Y = pyrimidine) at the tetranucleotide level with the help of a previously undetected C-H···O contact between atoms belonging to adjacent bases. Our results are supported by extensive multimicrosecond molecular dynamics simulations from the Ascona B-DNA Consortium, high-level quantum mechanical calculations, and data mining of the experimental structures deposited in the Protein Data Bank.