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Patient-Specific Bacteroides Genome Variants in Pouchitis
Joseph H Vineis1, Daina L Ringus2, Hilary G Morrison1
1Josephine Bay Paul Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA.
Mbio
|December 10, 2016
Summary
This study tracked the gut microbiome in patients after colectomy, finding that specific Bacteroides bacteria populations increased during inflammation (pouchitis). These findings highlight microbial adaptations and potential triggers for inflammatory bowel disease.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Gastroenterology
- Immunology
Background:
- Pouchitis, an inflammation following colectomy, serves as a model for ulcerative colitis (UC).
- Longitudinal studies are crucial for understanding microbiome shifts preceding and during disease onset, unlike cross-sectional designs.
- Individual patient data is vital for correlating microbiome structure and host gene expression with disease development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate longitudinal changes in the ileal pouch microbiome in patients undergoing colectomy with ileal pouch anal anastomosis.
- To identify specific microbial populations, particularly Bacteroides, associated with pouchitis.
- To explore genomic variations in Bacteroides strains and their potential role in host-immune interactions and disease etiology.
Main Methods:
- A 2-year longitudinal study of 22 patients post-colectomy with ileal pouch anal anastomosis.
- Oligotyping and metagenomic short-read annotation to analyze microbiome composition.
- Targeted cultivation and genomic analysis of Bacteroides isolates to detect subtle genetic changes.
Main Results:
- Significant increases in distinct Bacteroides populations were observed during 9 of 11 patient visits coinciding with pouchitis.
- Specific Bacteroides populations were identified that bloomed during inflammation and reappeared after antibiotic treatment.
- Genomic analysis revealed rapidly evolving elements in Bacteroides fragilis and unique capsular polysaccharide loci in various Bacteroides spp., potentially linked to host immune evasion.
Conclusions:
- Longitudinal microbiome analysis reveals dynamic shifts in Bacteroides populations associated with pouchitis.
- Bacteroides spp. possess unique genomic elements, including capsular polysaccharide loci, that may contribute to host-specific immune responses and disease pathogenesis.
- Identifying these microbial strains and their genetic elements could offer insights into UC etiology and susceptible host responses.
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