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Related Concept Videos

Protection of Alcohols02:31

Protection of Alcohols

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This lesson delves into the concept of protection and deprotection of a functional group fundamental to synthetic organic chemistry. These phenomena are explained in the context of aliphatic and aromatic alcohols.
Protection
It defines a protecting group as the masking agent to make the more reactive species inert to a given set of conditions. This concept is depicted via the illustration of liquid flow through different outlets in an assembly of pipes. The analogy helps to understand the role...
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Physical Properties of Alcohols and Phenols02:32

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Alcohols are organic compounds in which a hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon. Phenols are a class of alcohols containing a hydroxy group attached to an aromatic ring. The physical properties of the alcohols and phenols are influenced by hydrogen bonding due to the oxygen–hydrogen dipole in the hydroxy functional group and dispersion forces between alkyl or aryl regions of alcohol and phenol molecules.
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Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols02:23

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Overview
Alcohols are one of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry. The name of alcohol comes from the hydrocarbon from which it is derived. Alcohols are organic molecules containing the functional hydroxyl or –OH group directly bonded to carbon. Phenols have an OH group directly attached to a benzene ring. While alcohols are colorless, phenol is a white crystalline compound with a characteristic "hospital smell" odor.
As with other organic compounds, alcohols and...
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Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Reduction02:23

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Reduction is a simple strategy to convert a carbonyl group to a hydroxyl group. The three major pathways to reduce carbonyls to alcohols are catalytic hydrogenation, hydride reduction, and borane reduction.
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Oxidation of Alcohols02:37

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In this lesson, the oxidation of alcohols is discussed in depth. The various reagents used for oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols are detailed, and their mechanism of action is provided.
The process of oxidation in a chemical reaction is observed in any of the three forms:
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Preparation of Alcohols via Addition Reactions02:15

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The acid-catalyzed addition of water to the double bond of alkenes is a large-scale industrial method used to synthesize low-molecular-weight alcohols. An acidic atmosphere is required to allow the hydrogen in the water molecule to act as an electrophile and attack the double bond in an alkene. The addition of a proton to the double bond creates a carbocation intermediate. The proton preferentially bonds to the less substituted end of the double bond to create a more stable carbocation...
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Alcohol Warning Label Perceptions: Do Warning Sizes and Plain Packaging Matter?

Mohammed Al-Hamdani1, Steven M Smith1

  • 1Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.

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|December 10, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Increasing alcohol warning label size and using plain packaging significantly impacts consumer perceptions of alcohol products. Plain packaging also improves health warning recognition, supporting policy changes for alcohol labeling.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Consumer Psychology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Limited research exists on the effectiveness of stringent alcohol warning labels.
  • Previous studies have not extensively explored the impact of plain packaging on alcohol products.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of increasing alcohol health warning label size on product-based ratings.
  • To determine if plain packaging influences alcohol product ratings, consumer perceptions, bottle "boringness," and warning recognition.

Main Methods:

  • 440 adults viewed alcohol bottles (spirits, wine, beer) with varying warning label sizes (50%, 75%, 90%) and either plain or branded packaging.
  • Participants provided ratings on product-based attributes, consumer perceptions, and bottle "boringness."
  • Warning recognition was assessed by presenting four warning options for participants to identify.

Main Results:

  • Larger warning labels decreased product-based ratings.
  • Plain packaging reduced product-based and consumer-based ratings for wine, and increased wine bottle "boringness."
  • Plain packaging enhanced warning recognition for distilled spirits.

Conclusions:

  • Alcohol warning label size and plain packaging demonstrably influence consumer perceptions of alcohol products.
  • Plain packaging enhances the likelihood of correct health warning recognition, advocating for further research and policy implementation.
  • Findings support the adoption of standardized warning labels and plain packaging for alcoholic beverages.