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Related Concept Videos

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

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Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel...
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

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Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab...
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids01:21

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids

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Glucocorticoids, a class of anti-inflammatory drugs, are pivotal in treating moderate to severe Crohn's disease by inducing remission. They exhibit their anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, and chemokines like IL-8. In addition, they reduce the expression of inflammatory cell adhesion molecules and inhibit gene transcription of nitric oxide synthase, phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase-2...
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Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD

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Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the colon and rectum. The primary drugs used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis are aminosalicylates. They exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. They modulate inflammatory mediators and inhibit the activity of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Aminosalicylates also reduce inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin and leukotriene production and decreasing neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide...
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Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions01:24

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions

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Intermittent intravenous (IV) infusion is a method of drug administration where medications are delivered over short infusion periods followed by intervals of no drug delivery. This approach helps to prevent sustained high drug concentrations in the bloodstream, reducing the risk of adverse effects associated with prolonged exposure. Unlike continuous infusion, steady-state concentrations may not be achieved during a single dosing cycle but can be reached through repeated...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management01:29

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management

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Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
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Updated: Mar 10, 2026

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination
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Teriflunomide in multiple sclerosis: an update.

Aaron E Miller1

  • 1Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA.

Neurodegenerative Disease Management
|December 13, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Teriflunomide, an oral therapy for multiple sclerosis (MS), significantly slowed disability progression in relapsing MS patients. This therapy is the only one with positive disability results in two Phase III trials.

Keywords:
clinical trialsdisease-modifying therapydrug developmentmultiple sclerosisteriflunomide

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system.
  • Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) aim to reduce MS activity and disability.
  • Teriflunomide is an oral, once-daily DMT for relapsing forms of MS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the efficacy and safety data of teriflunomide in MS patients.
  • To highlight clinical and MRI outcomes from key teriflunomide studies.
  • To present long-term data and patient-reported outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of data from Phase II, TEMSO, TOWER, TOPIC, and TENERE studies.
  • Analysis of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) outcomes, including Structural Image Evaluation Using Normalization of Atrophy (SIENA).
  • Inclusion of data from long-term extensions and patient-reported outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Teriflunomide demonstrated efficacy in reducing relapses and slowing disability progression in relapsing MS.
  • Positive disability results were observed in two Phase III trials, a unique characteristic.
  • MRI outcomes were supported by SIENA analyses, confirming structural changes.

Conclusions:

  • Teriflunomide is an effective oral DMT for relapsing MS, with demonstrated benefits on disability and MRI outcomes.
  • It offers a valuable treatment option for patients with a first clinical episode suggestive of MS.
  • Long-term data and patient-reported outcomes further support its role in MS management.