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Related Concept Videos

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder01:28

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...
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Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive01:24

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Dependent personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are two separate psychological conditions that influence behavior, relationships, and overall life functioning. Though both involve maladaptive behaviors, their core characteristics and motivations differ significantly.
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Bulimia nervosa is a complex and severe eating disorder characterized by a cyclical pattern of binge-and-purge eating pattern. It generally involves an episode of binge eating, followed by compensatory behaviors such as vomiting, excessive exercise, laxative use, or fasting, to prevent weight gain. Despite often maintaining a normal weight, individuals with bulimia are intensely preoccupied with their body image and harbor an overwhelming fear of gaining weight. This can contribute to the...
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Anxiety: Overview01:18

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Anxiety is a common mental disorder featuring excessive worry, fear, and apprehension, significantly affecting daily life. People with anxiety disorders experience persistent and intense anxiety, interrupting their everyday functioning.
Individuals with anxiety often experience a range of physical and emotional symptoms, including sweating, trembling, tachycardia, and disturbances in sleep patterns. These symptoms vary in intensity and frequency but are generally disruptive and distressing.
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder01:30

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

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Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a chronic condition characterized by excessive and uncontrollable worry that persists for at least six months, significantly interfering with daily functioning. Unlike situational anxiety, which arises in response to specific stressors, GAD often occurs without a clear cause. Individuals may experience disproportionate worry about work, health, or relationships. For instance, a person might continuously fear poor health despite normal medical evaluations or...
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Anorexia Nervosa01:28

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Anorexia nervosa is a complex and severe eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of weight gain, an unrelenting pursuit of thinness, and a distorted body image. It often leads to dangerously low body weight relative to an individual's age and height. This disorder is marked by significant physical and psychological consequences, making it one of the most life-threatening psychiatric illnesses.
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Updated: Mar 10, 2026

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Hypogyrification in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

O G Rus1, T J Reess1, G Wagner2

  • 1Department of Neuroradiology,Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München,Munich,Germany.

Psychological Medicine
|December 13, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is linked to reduced gyrification, indicating altered brain development. This brain morphology may be a trait characteristic of OCD, appearing early in development.

Keywords:
Cortical foldingfreesurfergyrification OCDlocal gyrification indexobsessive compulsive disorder

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Developmental Neuroscience

Background:

  • Neurodevelopmental factors are hypothesized in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) pathogenesis.
  • Cortical folding, a neurodevelopment indicator, is understudied in OCD.
  • Investigating gyrification alterations in OCD and their clinical associations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if gyrification is altered in OCD patients compared to controls.
  • To explore the relationship between altered gyrification and OCD clinical characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Compared local Gyrification Index (lGI) in 75 OCD patients and 75 healthy controls.
  • Analyzed associations between altered lGI regions and age of onset, symptom severity, and medication.

Main Results:

  • OCD patients showed significantly decreased lGI in several brain regions, including parietal, precentral, insula, temporal, pars triangularis, and rostral middle frontal areas.
  • A positive association was observed between decreased lGI and later age of onset.
  • No significant associations were found with symptom severity, co-morbidity, or medication status.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced gyrification in OCD supports findings in other psychiatric disorders, suggesting early neurodevelopmental alterations.
  • Altered cortical folding may be a trait characteristic of OCD.
  • Longitudinal studies are needed to understand the developmental trajectory of gyrification in OCD.