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Related Concept Videos

Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates01:17

Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates

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Understanding steady, laminar flow between parallel plates is essential for analyzing and designing flow in narrow rectangular channels, commonly found in various water conveyance and drainage systems. The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are generally challenging to solve due to their nonlinearity. However, simplifications are possible in certain cases, like the steady laminar flow between parallel plates. For this scenario, we assume steady, incompressible, laminar flow.
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Surface tension is a fundamental property of fluids, occurring at the boundary between a liquid and a gas or between two immiscible liquids. This phenomenon arises from the cohesive forces between molecules at the fluid's surface, creating an effect similar to a stretched elastic membrane. Inside each fluid, molecules are equally attracted in all directions by neighboring molecules, but surface molecules experience a net inward force, resulting in surface tension.
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When water is poured into a glass, it falls freely and quickly, whereas if honey or maple syrup is poured over a pancake, it flows slowly and sticks to the surface of the container. This difference in the flow of different kinds of liquids arises due to the fluid friction between the liquid layers and the liquid and the surrounding material. This property of fluids is called fluid viscosity. In this example, water has a lower viscosity than honey and maple syrup.
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The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...
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Capillarity describes the movement of liquid in small spaces without external forces acting on it. The capillarity is driven by surface tension and adhesive interactions between the liquid and surrounding solid surfaces. This effect is often seen in narrow tubes, porous materials, and fine particles.
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When a fluid is in constant acceleration, the pressure and buoyant force equations are modified. Suppose a beaker is placed in an elevator accelerating upward with a constant acceleration, a. In the beaker, assume there is a thin cylinder of height h with an infinitesimal cross-sectional area, ΔS.
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The Preparation of Electrohydrodynamic Bridges from Polar Dielectric Liquids
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Motion of a liquid bridge between nonparallel surfaces.

Mohammadmehdi Ataei1, Tian Tang2, Alidad Amirfazli1

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
|December 13, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This study numerically and experimentally investigated liquid bridge motion between nonparallel surfaces. Increasing the dihedral angle and compression/stretching, while decreasing contact angle and hysteresis, enhances motion magnitude and precision.

Keywords:
Capillary bridgeContact Angle HysteresisContact line pinningDrop motionLiquid bridgeNonparallel surfacesStabilitySurface Evolver

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Surface science
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Understanding liquid bridge behavior is crucial for microfluidics and material processing.
  • Controlling liquid motion between surfaces is key for various applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the bulk motion of liquid bridges between nonparallel surfaces under cyclic loading.
  • To determine the effects of dihedral angle, compression/stretching, and wettability on liquid bridge motion.
  • To develop a model for predicting the onset of bulk motion and controlling its magnitude and precision.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulations using Surface Evolver software.
  • Experimental investigations with varying dihedral angles, compression/stretching amounts, and surface wettabilities.
  • Development and validation of an empirical function for minimum compression/stretching to initiate motion.

Main Results:

  • Motion magnitude increases with dihedral angle and compression/stretching, and decreases with advancing contact angle and contact angle hysteresis.
  • Liquid bridge motion precision can be modulated by the advancing contact angle.
  • Asymmetric contact line depinning during cyclic loading enhances motion magnitude, while symmetric depinning reduces it.
  • Larger dihedral angles promote asymmetric depinning, leading to increased motion magnitude over cycles.

Conclusions:

  • Governing parameters significantly influence liquid bridge motion characteristics.
  • The study provides a method to predict and control liquid bridge motion for practical applications.
  • Findings advance the understanding of fluid behavior in confined, nonparallel geometries.