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Including non-public data and studies in systematic reviews and systematic maps
Neal R Haddaway1, Alexandra M Collins2, Deborah Coughlin3
1MISTRA EviEM, Stockholm Environment Institute, Box 24218, 10451 Stockholm, Sweden.
Environment International
|December 13, 2016
Summary
Including non-public studies in systematic reviews enhances evidence comprehensiveness and mitigates publication bias. Reviewers must weigh the benefits of inclusion against potential risks and maintain transparency in methods.
Area of Science:
- Evidence-based practice
- Systematic review methodology
- Research integrity
Background:
- Systematic reviews aim for comprehensive evidence synthesis.
- Publication bias and delays can limit the evidence base.
- Non-public studies represent a potential source of additional data.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the forms and implications of including non-public studies in systematic reviews and maps.
- To provide guidance for reviewers dealing with non-public data.
- To enhance the comprehensiveness of systematic reviews.
Main Methods:
- Consideration of reasons for studies being non-public (e.g., ongoing publication, restrictions, negative results).
- Analysis of the advantages (comprehensiveness) and disadvantages (bias) of including non-public studies.
- Development of tentative suggestions for reviewers.
Main Results:
- Non-public studies can stem from various factors, including publication delays or negative findings.
- Inclusion of non-public studies can improve review comprehensiveness and reduce bias.
- Careful consideration of risks versus benefits is crucial for reviewers.
Conclusions:
- Including non-public studies offers a valuable opportunity to strengthen systematic reviews.
- Transparency in methods and careful risk assessment are essential when incorporating non-public data.
- Reviewers should judiciously balance comprehensiveness with potential biases.
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