Orthoses for osteoarthritis: A narrative review

Area of Science:

• Rheumatology
• Orthopedics
• Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

• Osteoarthritis (OA) management often involves orthoses, including splints, taping, sleeves, knee braces, and insoles.
• Current evidence on the effectiveness of various orthoses for different OA locations is synthesized.
• International OA treatment recommendations guide the evaluation of orthotic interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the evidence on the effectiveness of orthoses for osteoarthritis.
• To assess the efficacy of splints, knee bracing (taping, sleeves, unloading braces), and insoles for OA symptom management.
• To identify gaps in research regarding orthoses for specific OA sites.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature search of MEDLINE via PubMed for articles published up to 2015.
• Focused on evidence aligned with Osteoarthritis Research Society International, American College of Rheumatology, and European League Against Rheumatism guidelines.
• Qualitative synthesis of findings regarding orthotic effectiveness and safety.

Main Results:

• Strong evidence supports splinting for thumb-base osteoarthritis, reducing pain and functional disability.
• Weaker evidence exists for knee bracing (taping, sleeves, unloading braces), with concerns regarding adherence and safety.
• Data on insoles for knee OA are controversial; no randomized trials exist for interphalangeal or hip OA orthoses.

Conclusions:

• Splinting is an effective intervention for thumb-base osteoarthritis.
• Further research and cautious application are needed for knee OA orthoses due to limited evidence and potential issues.
• Professional consultation and patient education are crucial for appropriate and safe orthotic use in OA management.