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Respiratory response to a decrease in velopharyngeal resistance.

D W Warren1, K E Morr, A P Rochet

  • 1Dental Research Center University of North Carolina Chapel Hill 27599.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|September 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary
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Normal individuals maintain intraoral pressure during speech by increasing respiratory effort when velopharyngeal resistance decreases. This compensatory mechanism stabilizes pressure despite reduced velopharyngeal function.

Area of Science:

  • Speech production
  • Physiology
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Individuals with velopharyngeal impairment often increase respiratory effort to maintain intraoral pressure.
  • The compensatory mechanisms in normal individuals facing reduced velopharyngeal resistance are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if normal individuals compensate for decreased velopharyngeal resistance by increasing respiratory effort.
  • To analyze the impact of altered velopharyngeal function on intraoral pressure and breathing patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Subjects voluntarily lowered the soft palate during speech tasks involving plosive consonants.
  • The pressure-flow technique measured oral pressures and velopharyngeal parameters.
  • Inductive plethysmography assessed breathing volumes.

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • Intraoral pressure remained adequate (>3.0 cm H2O) in most subjects despite velar lowering.
  • Speech breathing volumes increased during expiration with an open velopharyngeal port (p<0.01).
  • Mechanical modeling showed a threefold pressure drop in a passive system under similar conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Increased respiratory volumes help stabilize intraoral pressure when vocal tract resistance is experimentally reduced.
  • Normal individuals exhibit compensatory respiratory adjustments to maintain speech pressure.
  • Findings suggest a robust physiological mechanism for speech sound production under altered velopharyngeal conditions.