Spontaneous temporomandibular joint herniation: a rare case

Area of Science:

• Otolaryngology
• Maxillofacial Surgery
• Anatomy

Background:

• Spontaneous herniation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) through the foramen of Huschke into the external auditory canal (EAC) is an exceptionally rare condition.
• This anatomical pathway, though present, is typically sealed, making TMJ displacement uncommon.

Observation:

• A 35-year-old male presented with symptoms of otorrhea and aural fullness, indicative of a potential middle ear or external auditory canal issue.
• Imaging and clinical examination revealed spontaneous herniation of the temporomandibular joint into the external auditory canal.

Findings:

• The case was successfully managed surgically using a collagen mesh graft to repair the defect in the foramen of Huschke.
• A comprehensive literature review identified and analyzed previously reported cases, focusing on clinical presentations and surgical repair methods for TMJ herniation.

Implications:

• This case highlights the importance of considering TMJ herniation in the differential diagnosis of otologic symptoms, especially when conventional causes are ruled out.
• The use of collagen mesh represents a viable reconstructive option for managing this rare condition, potentially offering good outcomes.
• Further review of similar cases can refine understanding of the etiology, clinical features, and optimal surgical strategies for spontaneous TMJ herniation.