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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 10, 2026

Conducting Maximal and Submaximal Endurance Exercise Testing to Measure Physiological and Biological Responses to Acute Exercise in Humans
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Age differences in physiological responses to self-paced and incremental [Formula: see text] testing.

Lauren A Jenkins1, Alexis R Mauger1, James G Hopker2

  • 1STRAPH Research Group, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK.

European Journal of Applied Physiology
|December 13, 2016
PubMed
Summary

A self-paced exercise protocol elicited higher peak oxygen uptake (VO2max) and cardiac output in young adults compared to a traditional ramp protocol. Older adults showed similar VO2max between protocols, despite higher workload in the self-paced test.

Keywords:
Cardiac outputMaximal exercisePacingRPE

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Maximal exercise testing protocols aim to elicit peak physiological responses.
  • Self-paced maximal exercise protocols may offer an alternative to traditional ramp protocols.
  • Understanding age-related differences in physiological responses to exercise is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare physiological responses between a self-paced VO2max protocol (SPV) and a traditional ramp protocol (RAMP).
  • To investigate these responses in young (18-30 years) and old (50-75 years) participants.

Main Methods:

  • Forty-four participants (22 young, 22 old) completed both SPV and RAMP protocols in a randomized crossover design.
  • The SPV involved 5 x 2-min stages with self-regulated power output based on perceived exertion.
  • The RAMP protocol used incremental power output of 15 or 20 W/min.

Main Results:

  • Young participants achieved significantly higher peak VO2max, cardiac output (Q), and stroke volume (SV) with the SPV compared to RAMP.
  • Older participants showed no significant differences in peak VO2max, Q, or SV between protocols.
  • Peak power output (PO) was significantly higher with SPV in both young and old groups.

Conclusions:

  • The SPV protocol enhances peak VO2max, Q, and SV in young adults.
  • Older adults achieve similar VO2max with both protocols, potentially due to age-related cardiovascular limitations.
  • Despite higher workload, older adults do not show enhanced VO2max with the SPV, highlighting age-specific physiological responses.