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Epigenetic Changes During Food-Specific Immunotherapy.

Bryan J Bunning1,2, Rosemarie H DeKruyff1,2, Kari C Nadeau3,4,5

  • 1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Current Allergy and Asthma Reports
|December 13, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetic changes, like DNA methylation, are linked to food allergies and can be altered by immunotherapy. These epigenetic markers may soon help diagnose and treat food allergies.

Keywords:
AtopyDNA methylationEpigeneticsFood allergyImmunotherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Rising prevalence of IgE-mediated food allergy globally.
  • Gene-environment interactions and epigenetic modifications implicated in atopic disease.
  • Need to understand epigenetic mechanisms in food allergy development and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review current evidence on epigenetic changes in food allergy.
  • Explore how epigenetic modifications mediate susceptibility.
  • Discuss the potential of immunotherapy to reverse epigenetic effects.
  • Identify unexplored epigenetic areas and future research techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent evidence on epigenetics and food allergy.
  • Analysis of studies on DNA methylation, histone modification, and chromatin accessibility.
  • Examination of immunotherapy's impact on epigenetic markers.

Main Results:

  • DNA methylation changes, particularly in promoter regions like Forkhead box protein 3, correlate with clinical reactivity and are modifiable by immunotherapy.
  • Limited but significant evidence of other epigenetic changes associated with disease status and treatment.
  • Food allergy epigenetics is understudied compared to asthma and allergic rhinitis.
  • DNA methylation at specific loci shows promise as biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic modifications play a crucial role in food allergy susceptibility.
  • Immunotherapy may reverse detrimental epigenetic changes.
  • Epigenetic markers are potential biomarkers for diagnosing and guiding treatment in food allergy.
  • Further research into histone modification and chromatin accessibility is warranted.