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Related Concept Videos

Aging01:26

Aging

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
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The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

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Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 10, 2026

A Phenotyping Regimen for Genetically Modified Mice Used to Study Genes Implicated in Human Diseases of Aging
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Disease drivers of aging.

Richard J Hodes1, Felipe Sierra1, Steven N Austad2

  • 1National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|December 13, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Chronic diseases like cancer, HIV/AIDS, and diabetes accelerate aging. This review explores how these conditions and their treatments impact aging phenotypes and identifies research gaps.

Keywords:
HIVage-relatedagingcancerchronicdiabetesdiseasepathologyprevention

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Pathology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Aging is a known risk factor for chronic diseases.
  • The impact of chronic diseases on aging phenotypes is understudied.
  • Understanding this bidirectional relationship is crucial for healthspan.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of cancer, HIV/AIDS, and diabetes on aging.
  • To explore mechanisms linking chronic diseases and aging.
  • To identify future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research.
  • Discussion of putative mechanisms.
  • Identification of knowledge gaps.

Main Results:

  • Chronic diseases and their treatments can accelerate aging phenotypes.
  • Mechanisms may involve inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic dysregulation.
  • Significant gaps exist in understanding these complex interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Chronic diseases significantly influence the aging process.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate mechanisms and develop targeted interventions.
  • Addressing disease-induced aging is vital for improving health outcomes.