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A net-zero-energy wastewater treatment concept recycles biomass energy, reducing environmental impact. This approach can achieve energy self-sufficiency and cut costs in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs).

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Biotechnology
  • Sustainable Energy

Background:

  • Conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) require significant external energy input, hindering environmental sustainability.
  • Resource wastage and lack of energy recycling are major challenges in current wastewater management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a net-zero-energy (NZE) wastewater treatment concept utilizing biomass energy recycling.
  • To develop a theoretical model for evaluating NZE feasibility in WWTPs.

Main Methods:

  • Established a theoretical model and boundary conditions based on energy balance.
  • Analyzed energy data from 20 conventional WWTPs in China using the NZE model.

Main Results:

  • Six WWTPs demonstrated potential for excess energy export.
  • Eight WWTPs could achieve 100% energy self-sufficiency through metabolic material allocation adjustments.
  • The NZE model indicated significant cost savings, offsetting 79.5% of electricity and sludge disposal expenses.

Conclusions:

  • The NZE model provides a theoretical foundation for optimizing material regulation and organic energy utilization from wastewater.
  • This concept promotes the engineering application of NZE in WWTPs, enhancing resource and energy efficiency.