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Hypervelocity impacts into porous graphite: experiments and simulations.

D Hébert1, G Seisson2, J-L Rullier2

  • 1CEA CESTA, 15 avenue des Sablières CS60001, 33116 Le Barp Cedex, France david.hebert@cea.fr.

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|December 14, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hypervelocity impacts of steel spheres into graphite show that at high speeds, projectile penetration decreases and the sphere gets trapped. This phenomenon is linked to the yield strength of both materials.

Keywords:
crateringfragmentationgraphiteimpactsteelyield strength

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Physics
  • Engineering

Background:

  • Hypervelocity impacts are crucial in various fields, including planetary science and defense.
  • Understanding material behavior under extreme conditions is essential for accurate modeling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the phenomenon of decreasing projectile penetration depth at hypervelocities.
  • To model the behavior of steel spheres impacting graphite using experimental and numerical methods.
  • To establish relationships between material properties (yield strength, spall strength) and impact outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental testing of 0.5 mm steel spheres impacting graphite at velocities from 1100 to 4500 m/s.
  • Numerical simulations employing a Johnson-Cook model for steel and a Drucker-Prager model for graphite.
  • Analysis of material damage using tensile failure criteria and compressive failure models.

Main Results:

  • Observed a critical striking velocity beyond which projectile penetration depth decreased.
  • Projectile trapping below the crater surface was experimentally evidenced.
  • Numerical simulations correlated the observed phenomenon with the yield strength of steel and graphite.
  • Crater diameter was found to be directly related to graphite's spall strength.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully explains the counterintuitive decrease in penetration depth at hypervelocities.
  • Material yield strength and spall strength are critical parameters governing impact dynamics and crater formation.
  • The developed models provide a basis for predicting hypervelocity impact behavior in graphite targets.