Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 10, 2026

A Precision Medicine Tool for Measurement and Monitoring of Hemoglobin S in Sickle Cell Disease Patients Receiving Transfusion Therapy
Hepatobiliary Manifestations of Sickle Cell Anemia
Hussain Issa1, Ahmed H Al-Salem2
1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Abstract:
Sickle cell anemia is one of the common hemoglobinopathies around the world. It results from a single change of one amino acid valine instead of glutamic acid in the hemoglobin beta change. This change leads to polymerization of the hemoglobin when the oxygen saturation is lowered, resulting in deformity of the red blood cells and microvascular occlusion. Sickle cell anemia can affect any part of the body and one of the main organs to be affected is the hepatobiliary system either directly from the sicklening process or indirectly as a result of chronic hemolysis and multiple blood transfusions. This manifests in several clinical conditions which poses diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas to the treating physicians. These hepatobiliary manifestations will be outlined in this review.
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