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Longitudinal growth dynamics of term symmetric and asymmetric small for gestational age infants

Harvinder Kaur1, Anil Kumar Bhalla1, Praveen Kumar2

  • 1Child Growth & Anthropology Unit, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India-160012 harvinderkaur315@gmail.com.

Anthropologischer Anzeiger; Bericht Uber Die Biologisch-Anthropologische Literatur
|December 14, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Indian infants small for gestational age (SGA) show poorer growth. Symmetric SGA infants experienced more significant growth deficits than asymmetric SGA infants, indicating lasting effects of prenatal nutrition issues.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Neonatology
  • Human Growth and Development

Background:

  • Conflicting data exists on the auxological attainments of symmetric and asymmetric small for gestational age (SGA) infants.
  • Lack of longitudinal growth data for Indian SGA infants necessitated this study.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distance and velocity growth patterns of weight and crown-heel length (CHL) in symmetric and asymmetric SGA infants.
  • To compare growth patterns between symmetric SGA, asymmetric SGA, and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants in India.

Main Methods:

  • Mixed-longitudinal study involving 100 symmetric SGA, 100 asymmetric SGA, and 100 AGA infants from upper socio-economic strata.
  • Weight and CHL measurements were taken at birth, 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months.
  • Data collected at the Department of Pediatrics, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India.

Main Results:

  • Symmetric SGA infants were significantly lighter and shorter than asymmetric SGA infants.
  • Both types of SGA infants exhibited significantly lower weight and length compared to AGA, normal Indian, and Western infants.
  • Peak growth velocity for weight and CHL occurred between 1-3 months for all groups; symmetric SGA infants showed compromised catch-up growth.

Conclusions:

  • Poorer postnatal growth in SGA infants suggests a continuation of intrauterine nutritional insult effects into infancy.
  • The impact of intrauterine nutritional insult was significantly greater in symmetric SGA infants compared to asymmetric SGA infants.

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