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Related Concept Videos

Hypertension I: Introduction01:28

Hypertension I: Introduction

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Hypertension is a widespread, long-term medical condition where blood pressure in the arteries remains elevated. It is characterized by systolic blood pressure readings of 130 mm Hg or above or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) readings of 80 mm Hg or higher. Unmanaged hypertension poses significant health risks, making the distinction between primary (or essential) hypertension and secondary hypertension crucial, as their management and implications vary.Primary HypertensionPrimary hypertension,...
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Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure

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Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
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Hypertension V: Nursing Management01:23

Hypertension V: Nursing Management

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The nursing management of hypertension involves accurately assessing symptoms, making a comprehensive nursing diagnosis, collaborating with patients to set goals, and implementing targeted interventions to mitigate the condition's impact and improve patient well-being.Comprehensive AssessmentThe initial step in nursing care for hypertension involves a thorough patient assessment. It includes evaluating symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, blurred vision, and previous hypertension episodes.
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Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
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Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology

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Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
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Hormonal Regulation01:33

Hormonal Regulation

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The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
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Hypertension in Pregnancy.

Roopa Malik1, Viral Kumar2

  • 1Department Obstetrics and Gynaecology, PGIMS, University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India. drroopa.sangwan@gmail.com.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|December 14, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy affect 12% globally, contributing significantly to maternal mortality. This chapter reviews their terminology, causes, management, and long-term effects.

Keywords:
EclampsiaHypertensionPreeclampsiaPregnancy

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Maternal Health
  • Cardiovascular Disorders in Pregnancy

Background:

  • Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are a major, unpreventable cause of maternal mortality worldwide.
  • They represent a significant portion of the leading causes of maternal death, alongside hemorrhage and sepsis.
  • The global incidence of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy is approximately 12%.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy.
  • To discuss the various aspects including terminology, risk factors, and pathophysiology.
  • To outline current management guidelines, complications, and long-term consequences.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing knowledge on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
  • Discussion of established terminologies and etiological factors.
  • Analysis of pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical management strategies.

Main Results:

  • Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are a leading cause of maternal mortality, with a 12% global incidence.
  • The chapter details risk factors, etiopathogenesis, and pathophysiology.
  • Management guidelines, complications, and long-term sequelae are thoroughly examined.

Conclusions:

  • Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy remain a critical, unresolved issue in obstetrics.
  • Understanding the multifaceted nature of these disorders is crucial for improving maternal outcomes.
  • Further research and clinical attention are needed to address prevention and long-term management.