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Related Concept Videos

Adsorption Isotherms I01:29

Adsorption Isotherms I

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Adsorption isotherms are mathematical models that describe how molecules in a gas or liquid phase interact with surfaces. Two of the most common isotherm models are the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, which relate to Type I monolayer chemisorption. The Langmuir model is based on four key assumptions:• Adsorption cannot exceed monolayer coverage.• All surface sites are equivalent.• Molecules adsorb only at vacant sites.• There are no interactions between adsorbed...
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Adsorption of Gases on Solids01:28

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Adsorption is a process where molecules, known as the adsorbates, accumulate on a surface, which is referred to as the adsorbent or substrate. Occurring at the solid-gas interface, this phenomenon is crucial in various scientific and industrial contexts. The reverse of adsorption is desorption.Two types of adsorptions exist: physical (physisorption) and chemical (chemisorption). Physisorption involves gas molecules held to the solid's surface by relatively weak intermolecular van der Waals...
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Adsorption Isotherms II01:25

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Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) introduced a theory in 1938 that modified Langmuir's assumptions to explain multilayer physical adsorption. This theory is applicable to Type II isotherms and provides a more realistic picture of adsorption processes. The BET theory assumes a uniform solid surface with localized adsorption sites, where adsorption at one site doesn't affect adsorption at neighboring sites. This theory also allows for the possibility of additional molecules being adsorbed on top...
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Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

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Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
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Homogeneous Equilibria for Gaseous Reactions
For gas-phase reactions, the equilibrium constant may be expressed in terms of either the molar concentrations (Kc) or partial pressures (Kp) of the reactants and products. A relation between these two K values may be simply derived from the ideal gas equation and the definition of molarity. According to the ideal gas equation:
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In certain chromatographic separations, solutes transfer between the mobile phase and the stationary phase via sorption, which typically refers to the process of adsorption. For many chromatographic systems, the sorption process often depends on the polarity of the compounds—an expression of the overall dipole moment within the molecule. During the separation process, there is competition between the solute and solvent for adsorption to the stationary phase. Highly polar compounds and...
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Homogeneous Diffusion Solid Model as a Realistic Approach to Describe Adsorption onto Materials with Different

E Sabio1, F Zamora2, C M González-García3

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Summary

This study models p-nitrophenol (PNP) adsorption onto activated carbons (ACs), revealing concentration waves explain adsorption rate drops. The findings link AC properties to adsorption kinetics for better material selection.

Keywords:
Activated carbonFEMHDSMKineticsPNP

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Adsorption is crucial for removing pollutants like p-nitrophenol (PNP).
  • Understanding adsorption kinetics is key to optimizing removal processes.
  • Activated carbons (ACs) are widely used adsorbents with diverse properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the adsorption kinetics of PNP onto various commercial ACs.
  • To develop and validate a model that accounts for adsorbent geometry.
  • To correlate observed kinetic behaviors with AC characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a homogeneous diffusion solid model (HDSM) incorporating adsorbent shape.
  • Employed the finite element method (FEM) for HDSM solution via COMSOL software.
  • Conducted experimental adsorption studies with commercial activated carbons.

Main Results:

  • The HDSM accurately described experimental adsorption kinetic patterns.
  • Identified concentration wave formation as the cause for sharp adsorption rate declines.
  • Visualized concentration changes in liquid and solid phases, linking kinetics to AC features.

Conclusions:

  • The developed HDSM provides insights into PNP adsorption mechanisms on ACs.
  • Adsorbent shape and textural properties significantly influence adsorption kinetics.
  • The model facilitates understanding and predicting adsorption performance based on AC characteristics.