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Related Concept Videos

G Protein-coupled Receptors01:15

G Protein-coupled Receptors

18.7K
G Protein-Coupled Receptors or GPCRs are membrane-bound receptors that transiently associate with heterotrimeric G proteins and induce an appropriate response to sensory stimuli such as light, odors, hormones, cytokines, or neurotransmitters.
GPCRs are also called heptahelical, 7TM, or serpentine receptors, and consist of seven (H1-H7) transmembrane alpha-helices that span the bilayer to form a cylindrical core. The transmembrane helices are connected by three extracellular loops and three...
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Transducer Mechanism: G Protein–Coupled Receptors01:30

Transducer Mechanism: G Protein–Coupled Receptors

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G Protein–Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) are membrane-bound receptors that transiently associate with heterotrimeric G proteins and induce an appropriate response to various stimuli. GPCRs regulate critical physiological pathways and are excellent drug targets for treating diseases such as diabetes, cancer, obesity, depression, or Alzheimer's. Nearly 35% of approved drugs implement their therapeutic effects by selectively interacting with specific GPCRs.
GPCRs are also called heptahelical,...
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G-protein Coupled Receptors01:21

G-protein Coupled Receptors

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G-protein coupled receptors are ligand binding receptors that indirectly affect changes in the cell. The actual receptor is a single polypeptide that transverses the cell membrane seven times creating intracellular and extracellular loops. The extracellular loops create a ligand specific pocket which binds to neurotransmitters or hormones. The intracellular loops holds onto the G-protein.
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Genetically-encoded Molecular Probes to Study G Protein-coupled Receptors
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Nanobodies to Study G Protein-Coupled Receptor Structure and Function.

Aashish Manglik1, Brian K Kobilka1, Jan Steyaert2,3

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305; email: amanglik@stanford.edu , kobilka@stanford.edu.

Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology
|December 14, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Nanobodies are powerful tools that stabilize G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in specific states. This research highlights their use in understanding GPCR structure, dynamics, and function in cellular communication.

Keywords:
G protein–coupled receptorconformational plasticitycrystallographic chaperoneintrabodynanobodyreceptor activation

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) mediate cellular communication.
  • Understanding GPCR structure and dynamics is crucial for drug discovery.
  • Nanobodies offer unique advantages for studying membrane proteins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the application of nanobodies in studying GPCRs.
  • To highlight how nanobodies aid in elucidating GPCR structure and function.
  • To explore future applications of nanobodies in GPCR research.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing nanobodies to stabilize specific GPCR conformational states.
  • Determining high-resolution structures of ligand-bound GPCRs.
  • Employing nanobodies as conformational biosensors in living systems.

Main Results:

  • Nanobodies have elucidated agonist-bound structures of hormone-activated GPCRs.
  • Stabilization of transient GPCR signaling complexes provided insights into transmembrane signal transduction.
  • Nanobodies have been successfully used as conformational biosensors and modulators of GPCR function.

Conclusions:

  • Nanobodies are versatile tools for advancing GPCR research.
  • Their application has significantly improved our understanding of GPCR structure and function.
  • Future research holds promise for novel nanobody-based therapeutic and diagnostic applications for GPCRs.