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Related Concept Videos

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

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The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are...
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Cells and Secretions of the Pancreas01:16

Cells and Secretions of the Pancreas

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The pancreas, a vital organ within the abdominal cavity, plays dual roles in the digestive and endocrine systems, collaborating with exocrine and endocrine cells to maintain optimal digestion and blood sugar levels.
Exocrine function is carried out by acinar cells, organized into clusters known as acini. These cells contribute to digestion by releasing substantial quantities of enzyme-rich, alkaline digestive juices.
Concurrently, the dispersed clusters of endocrine cells throughout the...
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Insulin Secretory Vesicles01:05

Insulin Secretory Vesicles

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Insulin secretory vesicles release insulin to stimulate blood glucose uptake and regulate carbohydrate metabolism. When the blood glucose levels increase, glucose enters the pancreatic β-islet cells through glucose transporters. Once inside, glucose is metabolized through glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain, producing ATP. This increase in ATP concentration closes ATP-sensitive potassium channels, leading to depolarization of the membrane and the opening of...
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Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells01:23

Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells

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After cellular or tissue damage, the resident stem cells present in the human body can locally repair and regenerate the damaged tissue or organ. However, even though some tissues do not have stem cells, they can repair and regenerate with the help of pre-existing cells. For example, beta cells of the pancreas and hepatocytes of the liver can divide to renew and regenerate the tissue. Here, both cell division and cell death are well regulated by homeostasis.
However, failure of such a system...
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Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation01:25

Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation

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The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells synthesizes preproinsulin, which consists of a signal peptide, A and B chains, and a C-peptide. Preproinsulin is then cleaved and folded into proinsulin, which translocates to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging into secretory granules. In these granules, enzymatic clipping generates insulin and C-peptide.
Damage or functional impairment of β-cells inhibits insulin production, leading to diabetes. Diabetes treatment...
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Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose01:16

Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose

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Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 10, 2026

Analysis of Beta-cell Function Using Single-cell Resolution Calcium Imaging in Zebrafish Islets
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Analysis of Beta-cell Function Using Single-cell Resolution Calcium Imaging in Zebrafish Islets

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From bugs to beta cells.

Yuxi Zhang1, Daniel Hesselson1

  • 1Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.

Elife
|December 14, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gut microbes produce a protein that promotes the growth of pancreatic beta cells during development. This discovery offers insights into metabolic regulation and potential therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
beta cellsdevelopmentdevelopmental biologyinfectious diseasemicrobiologymicrobiotastem cellszebrafish

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A High-content In Vitro Pancreatic Islet β-cell Replication Discovery Platform
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A High-content In Vitro Pancreatic Islet β-cell Replication Discovery Platform
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A High-content In Vitro Pancreatic Islet β-cell Replication Discovery Platform

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Pancreatic beta cells are crucial for glucose regulation.
  • The development and function of beta cells are influenced by various factors.
  • The role of the gut microbiome in organ development is an emerging area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of intestinal microbes on pancreatic beta cell development.
  • To identify specific microbial factors that regulate beta cell proliferation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of microbial metabolites in the gut.
  • In vitro studies using pancreatic cell lines.
  • In vivo studies in animal models to assess beta cell proliferation.

Main Results:

  • Certain intestinal microbes secrete a specific protein.
  • This protein was found to directly stimulate the proliferation of pancreatic beta cells.
  • The mechanism involves signaling pathways critical for beta cell development.

Conclusions:

  • Intestinal microbes play a significant role in regulating pancreatic beta cell development through secreted proteins.
  • This protein represents a novel target for understanding and potentially manipulating beta cell mass.