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Pathological Characteristics

Xiang-Yan Chen, Mark Fisher

    Frontiers of Neurology and Neuroscience
    |December 14, 2016
    PubMed

    Insights

    Intracranial atherosclerosis (ICAS) presents distinct patterns across populations and differs pathologically from other arterial diseases. Further research, including animal models, is needed to understand ICAS and prevent stroke.

    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Vascular Biology
    • Pathology

    Background:

    • Intracranial atherosclerosis (ICAS) exhibits distinct patterns and pathological characteristics compared to extracranial atherosclerosis.
    • ICAS is understudied due to challenges in obtaining cerebral artery specimens for analysis.
    • Existing knowledge gaps hinder effective stroke risk stratification and treatment modification.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To highlight the distinct pathological characteristics of intracranial atherosclerosis.
    • To emphasize the need for improved methods for studying ICAS, including animal models.
    • To underscore the importance of understanding ICAS for stroke prevention.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of pathological characteristics of ICAS using post-mortem cerebral vessel specimens.
    • Assessment of in vivo ICAS using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HRMRI).
    • Discussion of the limitations of current methods and the necessity for animal models.

    Main Results:

    • ICAS shows different patterns in Western versus Asian, African, and Hispanic populations.
    • Intracranial arterial disease is more frequently associated with brain infarction than extracranial disease.
    • HRMRI enables in vivo assessment, but understanding vessel wall changes remains challenging.

    Conclusions:

    • Limited human arterial specimens hinder ICAS research.
    • Development of appropriate animal models is crucial for investigating ICAS pathogenesis.
    • Further research is essential to develop strategies for preventing and treating ICAS-related stroke.

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