[Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis in patients with Turner's syndrome]

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Genetics
• Immunology

Context:

• Turner syndrome (TS) is a genetic condition affecting females, characterized by partial or complete absence of one X chromosome.
• TS is associated with various health issues, including endocrine abnormalities.
• Thyroid dysfunction, particularly autoimmune thyroid disease, is more prevalent in TS patients.

Purpose:

• To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of thyroid dysfunction in female patients with Turner syndrome.
• To assess the frequency of autoimmune thyroid diseases and different thyroiditis forms in this population.
• To emphasize the need for regular thyroid function monitoring in Turner syndrome patients.

Summary:

• A study of 23 female patients with Turner syndrome (ages 7-24) revealed a high prevalence of elevated thyroid autoantibodies (TAA).
• While most patients were clinically euthyroid, some exhibited subclinical hypothyroidism.
• The atrophic form of autoimmune thyroiditis appeared more common in TS patients than Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

Impact:

• The findings highlight the increased risk of thyroid dysfunction in Turner syndrome, necessitating proactive screening.
• Early detection and management of hypothyroidism can prevent exacerbation of growth retardation in these patients.
• Regular thyroid function follow-up, especially in those with positive TAA titers, is essential for optimal health outcomes in Turner syndrome.