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Related Concept Videos

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature01:13

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

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Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
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A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
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Assessing tympanic membrane temperature involves using a tympanic membrane thermometer (TMT). Here is a step-by-step guide:
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Any physical property that depends consistently and reproducibly on temperature can be used as the basis of a thermometer. For example, volume increases with temperature for most substances. This property is the basis for the common alcohol thermometer and the original mercury thermometers. Other properties used to measure temperature include electrical resistance, color, and the emission of infrared radiation.
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Calorimetry01:19

Calorimetry

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When objects at different temperatures are placed in contact with each other but isolated from everything else, they attain thermal equilibrium. A container that prevents heat transfer in or out is called a calorimeter, and the use of a calorimeter to make measurements is called calorimetry. Generally, these measurements involve heat or specific heat capacity. The term "calorimetry problem" is used for any problem where the specified objects are thermally isolated from their...
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The definition of temperature in terms of molecular motion suggests that there should be a lowest possible temperature, where the average kinetic energy of molecules is zero (or the minimum allowed by quantum mechanics). Experiments confirm the existence of such a temperature, called absolute zero. An absolute temperature scale is one whose zero point is absolute zero. Such scales are convenient in science because several physical quantities, such as the volume of an ideal gas, are directly...
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Using a Combination of Indirect Calorimetry, Infrared Thermography, and Blood Glucose Levels to Measure Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis in Humans
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Referenceless MR thermometry-a comparison of five methods.

Chao Zou1, Changjun Tie1, Min Pan1,2

  • 1Paul C Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for MRI, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.

Physics in Medicine and Biology
|December 16, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Referenceless MR thermometry methods were compared for accuracy in thermotherapy. The phase finite difference (PFD) and complex field estimation (CFE) methods showed superior performance, especially in low SNR conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Biophysics
  • Therapeutic Monitoring

Background:

  • Proton resonance frequency shift (PRFS) MR thermometry is crucial for monitoring thermotherapy.
  • PRFS requires a baseline scan, making it susceptible to motion artifacts.
  • Existing referenceless MR thermometry methods lack comparative performance data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively compare the performance of five different referenceless MR thermometry methods.
  • To evaluate these methods under various conditions, including simulations, ex vivo tissues, and in vivo imaging.
  • To identify the most robust and accurate referenceless methods for MR thermometry applications.

Main Methods:

  • Performance evaluation using statistical error metrics (mean, SD, RMS, 2/98 percentiles).
  • Comparison of error distribution probability density functions (PDFs).
  • Testing across simulations, ex vivo tissue heating, and in vivo brain/liver imaging in healthy volunteers.

Main Results:

  • The phase gradient (PG) method demonstrated the highest error across all tests.
  • Original (ORG) and complex field estimation (CFE) methods exhibited comparable performance.
  • Phase finite difference (PFD) and near harmonic (NH) methods outperformed others, particularly in low SNR and dynamic field scenarios.

Conclusions:

  • PFD and CFE methods are recommended due to their robustness and lack of need for computationally intensive phase unwrapping.
  • These findings aid in selecting optimal referenceless MR thermometry techniques for diverse clinical and research settings.
  • Method choice should consider SNR and field stability for accurate temperature measurements in thermotherapy.