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Related Experiment Video

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Acoustical Direction Finding with Time-Modulated Arrays.

Ben Clark¹, James A Flint²

¹Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK. BClark@theiet.org.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|December 16, 2016

Summary

This study introduces a new algorithm using Time-Modulated Linear Arrays (TMLAs) for efficient acoustic signal direction of arrival estimation. The method achieves high accuracy with a simple hardware setup, saving energy compared to traditional systems.

Keywords:

MEMS direction of arrival linear array time-modulation

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Area of Science:

Acoustic signal processing
Array signal processing
Sensor systems

Background:

Conventional phased arrays are energy-intensive for parameter estimation.
Time-Modulated Linear Arrays (TMLAs) present an energy-efficient alternative.
Acoustic systems require precise direction of arrival (DoA) estimation.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and evaluate an efficient algorithm for DoA estimation using TMLAs in acoustic systems.
To leverage frequency domain analysis and harmonic content for improved accuracy.
To demonstrate the application of TMLAs with Micro-Electromechanical Systems (MEMS) sensors at ultrasonic frequencies.

Main Methods:

Application of TMLAs in the frequency domain to capture signal and harmonic content.
Utilizing a weighted average of harmonic amplitudes and main beam angles for DoA estimation.
Implementation and evaluation using numerical simulations and practical experiments with a microphone array.

Main Results:

Theoretical predictions indicate an accuracy of ± 1° within ± 50° angular range for a five-element array.
Experimental results with a 40 kHz microphone array achieved DoA estimation within ± 2.5°.
The proposed method demonstrated effectiveness within a ± 45° angular range using a simple hardware setup.

Conclusions:

TMLAs offer significant efficiency savings for acoustic parameter estimation, specifically DoA.
The proposed frequency-domain algorithm provides accurate and efficient direction of arrival estimation.
The integration of MEMS sensors enables TMLA application at ultrasonic frequencies, paving the way for advanced acoustic sensing.