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Related Concept Videos

Amnesia01:13

Amnesia

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Amnesia is a condition marked by long-term memory loss, which impairs the ability to recall past events or create new memories.
The severity and duration of memory loss vary depending on the type and underlying cause. Amnesia is classified into two main types: retrograde and anterograde.
Retrograde amnesia is marked by the loss of memories formed before the onset of the condition. Patients may recall distant past events but often forget those occurring shortly before the incident.
Anterograde...
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Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
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Seizures: Classification01:13

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Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
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Dissociative Amnesia01:21

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Dissociative amnesia is a complex psychological condition that manifests as an inability to recall personal information, often tied to traumatic or stressful events. Unlike general amnesia, individuals with this condition retain the ability to perform routine activities and procedural tasks, such as operating a phone or navigating public transportation, yet experience profound gaps in autobiographical memory. These lapses may encompass significant life events, such as suicide attempts or...
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Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
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Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

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Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or...
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Amnesia, memory disturbances and epilepsy.

Bondish Kambaja1, Sophie Dupont2

  • 1Unité de réhabilitation, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.

Geriatrie Et Psychologie Neuropsychiatrie Du Vieillissement
|December 16, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Epileptic syndromes, especially temporal lobe epilepsy, often cause memory loss. Two specific syndromes in the elderly, transient epileptic amnesia and epileptic pseudodementia, involve reversible memory issues treatable with antiepileptic drugs.

Keywords:
epileptic pseudodementiamemory disturbancestemporal lobe epilepsytransient epileptic amnesia

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Epileptology
  • Geriatric Medicine

Background:

  • Epileptic syndromes, particularly temporal lobe epilepsy, are frequently associated with memory disturbances.
  • These memory deficits can manifest during seizures (ictal) or between seizures (interictal).
  • Atypical syndromes like transient epileptic amnesia and epileptic pseudodementia are notable in the elderly population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe two atypical epileptic syndromes in the elderly: transient epileptic amnesia and epileptic pseudodementia.
  • To highlight their characteristics, differential diagnoses, and treatment implications.
  • To emphasize their potential reversibility with antiepileptic drug therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical case descriptions and differential diagnosis considerations.
  • Characterization of transient epileptic amnesia (TEA) as a late-onset medial temporal lobe epilepsy subtype.
  • Description of epileptic pseudodementia as a verbal episodic memory disturbance linked to subtle temporal lobe seizures.

Main Results:

  • Transient epileptic amnesia presents as recurrent, short-lasting amnesic episodes, distinct from transient global amnesia (TGA) by shorter duration, recurrence, and response to antiepileptic drugs.
  • Interictal memory disturbances include autobiographical memory deficits and long-term forgetting.
  • Epileptic pseudodementia involves stable verbal episodic memory impairment, with a less clear response to antiepileptic drugs.

Conclusions:

  • Transient epileptic amnesia and epileptic pseudodementia are potentially reversible memory disturbances in the elderly associated with epilepsy.
  • Early recognition and treatment with antiepileptic drugs are crucial for managing these conditions.
  • Further research may clarify the treatment efficacy for epileptic pseudodementia.