Angiogenesis Inhibitors and Anti-Inflammatory Agents from Phoma sp. NTOU4195

Seven new polyketides, phomaketides A-E (1-5) and pseurotins A₃ (6) and G (7), along with the known compounds FR-111142, pseurotins A, A₁, A₂, D, and F₂, 14-norpseurotin A, α-carbonylcarbene, tyrosol, cyclo(-l-Pro-l-Leu), and cyclo(-l-Pro-l-Phe), were purified from the fermentation broth and mycelium of the endophytic fungal strain Phoma sp. NTOU4195 isolated from the marine red alga Pterocladiella capillacea. The structures were established through interpretation of spectroscopic data. The antiangiogenic and anti-inflammatory effects of 1-7 and related analogues were evaluated using human endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells, respectively. Of the compounds tested, compound 1 exhibited the most potent antiangiogenic activity by suppressing the tube formation of EPCs with an IC₅₀ of 8.1 μM, and compound 3 showed the most selective inhibitory activity of LPS-induced NO production in RAW264.7 macrophages with an IC₅₀ value of 8.8 μM.