Medical Management of Blepharokeratoconjunctivitis in Children: A Delphi Consensus

To describe a pragmatic approach to the medical management of blepharokeratoconjunctivitis in children, based on published evidence and clinical experience.

The authors used the Delphi consensus method to explore the preferred management patterns of four senior clinicians at one institution to reach agreement on indications and dosage schedules for commonly used treatments. Four iterations were created, with electronic questionnaires distributed via an online survey platform. Initial questions were based on recent systematic reviews and clinical experience. After each round, a facilitator summarized the responses and fed these back to the expert participants, together with an invitation to complete the next round of questions.

Typical and specific eyelid, corneal, and conjunctival disease features influenced management decisions, and treatments were targeted toward specific findings in these tissues rather than to overall disease severity. Active keratitis was considered the main indication for high potency steroids, systemic antibiotics, and possibly systemic immunomodulators. Other indications for systemic antibiotics were chronic active blepharitis and recurrent troublesome chalazia. Oral antibiotics were used for their anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. There was little agreement on the role of dietary modification, topical lubricants, and preference for oral or topical antibiotics.

Detailed clinical assessment of eyelids and ocular surface allows targeted treatment. Research is needed to clarify disease mechanisms and to optimize treatment strategies. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2017;54(3):156-162.].