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Overview of Exosomes

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Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...

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Detection of Exosomal Biomarker by Electric Field-induced Release and Measurement EFIRM

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Published on: January 23, 2015

[Current advance in saliva-derived exosome study].

Y Zhao¹, L Y Yin¹, R R Bi¹

¹School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu 221000, China.

Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi = Zhonghua Kouqiang Yixue Zazhi = Chinese Journal of Stomatology

|December 17, 2016

Summary

Whole saliva is a promising diagnostic fluid due to easy collection. Saliva-derived exosomes, containing proteins, mRNA, and miRNA, show potential as biomarkers for oral diseases.

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Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Molecular Biology
Biomarker Discovery

Background:

Whole saliva is increasingly recognized as a valuable diagnostic fluid owing to its simple, non-invasive collection methods.
Proteomic and genomic research on saliva has advanced the diagnosis and therapy of oral diseases, elucidating their molecular mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the biological properties of saliva-derived exosomes.
To discuss methods for the separation and analysis of saliva exosomes.
To explore the potential of saliva exosomes as biomarkers for various diseases.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies on saliva exosomes.
Analysis of proteomic and genomic data from salivary research.
Examination of exosome isolation and characterization techniques.

Main Results:

Saliva exosomes encapsulate diverse molecular constituents, including proteins, messenger RNA (mRNA), and microRNA (miRNA).
These molecular profiles reflect the physiological and pathological state of their cells of origin.
Exosomes offer a stable and accessible source for disease-related biomarkers.

Conclusions:

Saliva-derived exosomes represent a novel and promising source of biomarkers for oral and potentially systemic diseases.
Further research into exosome isolation, characterization, and validation is crucial for clinical application.
Exosomes hold significant potential for non-invasive diagnostics and therapeutic monitoring.