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Characterizing Extracellular Vesicles from Biological Fluids
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Extracellular Vesicles: Unique Intercellular Delivery Vehicles.

Sybren L N Maas1, Xandra O Breakefield2, Alissa M Weaver3

  • 1Department of Neurology and Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Institute of Neurosciences, University Medical Center, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Trends in Cell Biology
|December 17, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are crucial for cell communication, transporting molecules like proteins and nucleic acids. This review explores their biogenesis, uptake, and roles in cellular functions and diseases.

Keywords:
exosomesextracellular vesiclesmicrovesicles

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs) were initially considered waste disposal mechanisms.
  • Emerging evidence highlights EVs as critical mediators of intercellular communication.
  • EVs are stable carriers that can deliver specific cargoes to target cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding EV biogenesis, release, and uptake.
  • To highlight the functional roles of EV-mediated intercellular communication.
  • To discuss the involvement of EVs in various physiological and pathological processes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on recent findings in EV research.
  • Analysis of studies investigating EV cargo composition and function.
  • Examination of experimental evidence for EV roles in cellular processes and disease.

Main Results:

  • EVs are heterogeneous vesicles containing diverse molecular cargoes (proteins, lipids, nucleic acids).
  • EVs facilitate targeted delivery of functional molecules, influencing recipient cell behavior.
  • EV cargoes can coordinately regulate cellular functions like motility, polarization, immunity, and development.

Conclusions:

  • EVs are pivotal in intercellular and interorganismal communication, challenging previous notions of their function.
  • EVs play significant roles in fundamental cellular processes and contribute to diseases such as cancer and neurodegeneration.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complexities of EV biogenesis, targeting, and therapeutic potential.