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Cognitivism01:17

Cognitivism

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Cognitive psychology emerged as a significant field in the mid-20th century. It focused on understanding humans' internal mental processes. This approach emphasizes how people perceive, remember, think, and solve problems—elements critical to human cognition.
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Cognitive psychology is the field of psychology dedicated to examining how people think. It attempts to explain how and why we think the way we do by studying the interactions among human thinking, emotion, creativity, language, and problem-solving, as well as other cognitive processes. Cognitive psychology studies how information is processed and manipulated in remembering, thinking, and knowing.
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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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The concept of subconscious awareness refers to the processing of information below the level of conscious thought, which significantly influences both behaviors and decisions. It is also known as waking subconscious awareness. This complex level of cognition operates without the direct awareness of the individual, facilitating rapid and simultaneous handling of multiple information streams.
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Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

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Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
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Reason and Intuition01:37

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The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 10, 2026

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition
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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition

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Cognitive Neuroscience and Single-Word Processing.

Jeffrey J Sable1

  • 1Department of Behavioral Sciences, Christian Brothers University, Memphis, TN 38104.

Journal of Undergraduate Neuroscience Education : JUNE : a Publication of FUN, Faculty for Undergraduate Neuroscience
|December 17, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early neuroimaging studies explored language functions using simple designs and lesion-based models. This research is accessible for teaching cognitive neuroscience and psychology, offering insights into brain activity.

Keywords:
Cognitive neurosciencePETexperimental methodsfMRIlanguageneuroimaging

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Related Experiment Videos

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Psycholinguistics

Background:

  • Early neuroimaging research simplified complex cognitive processes for study.
  • Hypotheses were informed by lesion studies and non-imaging observations.
  • Accessible research aids in teaching cognitive neuroscience and psychology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review early neuroimaging studies on language function.
  • To place these studies in historical context, linking them to lesion studies.
  • To discuss methods, results, and implications for future research and medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Review of early neuroimaging studies, specifically those measuring brain activity during single-word processing.
  • Analysis of experimental designs and hypotheses derived from lesion studies.
  • Historical contextualization of the research within cognitive neuroscience.

Main Results:

  • Early studies utilized novel imaging techniques to investigate language processing.
  • Research demonstrated the feasibility of studying complex cognitive functions with simpler designs.
  • Key findings provided foundational insights into the neural basis of language.

Conclusions:

  • Early neuroimaging research on language provides accessible and engaging material for students.
  • The studies highlight the evolution of cognitive neuroscience and its interdisciplinary nature.
  • This foundational research has lasting implications for understanding the brain and treating neurological conditions.